The Reality of Rape Essays -- essays research papers

Running head THE REALITY OF RAPERape is a crime of violence and aggression that not only hurts a victim for the moment, but it shatters her entire life. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia, rape is defined as any strain of unlawful sexual activity, usually sexual intercourse, carried out forcibly or under threat of injury and against the will of the victim. This definition has been redefined to cover same-sex attacks and attacks against those who are incompetent of valid consent, including persons who are mentally ill, intoxicated, drugged, etc. (rape). Because rape crimes affect all races, cultures, ages, and economical classes, it is difficult to create concrete research on the topic because of the variances. sound out of magnitude in the United States by no means condones rape, but it does expect it. The theories of rape are all different but the crime is always the same, a violation of ones self through a sexual act.There are many different types of rape including date r ape, statutory rape, gang up rape, and acquaintance rape. Though there are more than a handful of different names to view rape, all of the names have one amour in common a victim. The frightening reality is that all of the rape studies that have been done show that the perpetrator is usually someone that the victim knows and/or trusts during the dating years, seventy to ninety percent of rapes are acquaintance or date rapes (Mackey). Even more terrifying is that only one-third of rapes are describe to law enforcement officials (Buddie & Miller). Victims are most likely afraid that by going through with the process of pressing charges on his/her perpetrator that they, in turn, will be blamed using one or more of the ridiculous rape myths, by society. The reality of rape is a startling combination of ignorance relating to rape myths, pretermit of reportings and convictions, severe post-traumatic feelings of the attack, and theories of rape, both psychological and sociological.Rape is such a difficult crime to prove because it usually comes down to the victims word against the perpetrators word. In the United States, anyone who is charged with a crime is innocent until they are proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. In order to prove that the crime did indeed happen, a victim is usually humiliated and she is forced to re-live the h... ...d be convicted and sent to prison.REFERENCESBuddie, Amy, & Miller, Arthur (2001). Beyond rape myths a more building complex view of perceptions of rape victims 1. Sex Roles A Journal of Research. Retrieved from the World Wide weathervane November 18, 2004 http//www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_M2294/is_2001_August/ai_82782443Mackey, Frank Misogynist. Cultural rape myths. Survivors Emerging. Retrieved November 18, 2004 from the World Wide Web http//people.morehead-st.edu/students/ar/aeruck01/culturalrapemyths.htmlrape Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 19, 2004 from Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Servi ce http//www.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocld=9376486Rennison, Callie Marie. (2002). Rape and sexual assault reporting to police and medical attention, 1992-2000 (United States Department of Justice, berth of Justice Statistics No. NCJ-194530). Washington DC U.S. Government Printing Office.Retzinger, Suzanne, & Scheff, Thomas. (1997). Shame, anger, and the social bond A theory of sexual offenders and treatment. Electonic Journal of Sociology.Thio, Alex. (2004). Deviant Behavior (7th ed.). capital of Massachusetts Pearson Education, Inc.

Carl Sandburg Essay -- essays research papers

Carl SandburgCarl Sandburg was born in Galesburg, Illinois on January 6, 1878. Carl and his family lived in a three room cottage at 313 easternmost Third Street in Galesburg, Illinois. His parents names were August and Clara Anderson Sandburg. Sandburgs nickname was Charlie. His parents were both Swedish immigrants. His Dad worked for a blacksmith in Chicago. Sandburg did not have much of an education because he quit school at the age of thirteen. His favorite subject in school was geography. He started reading in elementary school, and he liked it too. His favorite stories were mostly detective stories. Some of his favorites were Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He went to Lombard College and there his literary talents came out. Sandburg was encouraged by Phillip super acid Wright, his professor. Sandburg started writing poetry at Lombard College. Sandburg had a number of jobs and worked almost his whole life. When he quit college he worked as a day laborer. While change of loca tion as a hobo in 1897, he contrasted the difference between the rich and the poor. When he was twenty, he entered the Spanish-American war and was ordered to Puerto Rico. After Morgan 2 showtime he was a newspaperman in Milwaukee. In 1907 and 1908 he was district organizer for the social Democratic party. While in Milwaukee he met a cleaning lady named Lilian Steichen. They were married in 1908 until his death on July 22, 1967. Lilian was a school teacher. During 1910-1912 he was secretary t...

TH :: essays research papers

Needs completingThe Tommy Hilfiger Corporation, through its subsidiaries, designs, sources and markets mens and womens, and childrens clothing low the Tommy Hilfiger trademarks. The Tommy Hilfiger Corporations major product is clothing which is broken into two major product categories mens and womens clothing. Tommy Hilfiger has an aggressive market development strategy with diversifying and act markets that are already carried by the company. The company has taken their success in the U.S and found comparable markets overseas with a great deal of success. The company is strongest in the US because of sheer volumes. They are the fastest growing in Europe. They are also the No 1 designer brand in Central America, randomness America and Canada. The company holds steady in the top ten in Japan with lots of contender. The business is also strong in South-East Asian markets like Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, and Singapore. Tommy Hilfiger is currently setting up all over China and conside rs India its new horizon.The companys market development is strong and growing with to each one quarterly report. They offer new products to existing target markets worldwide and are also exploring the involvement in products without the Tommy Hilfiger namesake. Through a range of strategic licensing agreements, the community offers a broad array of related apparel, accessories, footwear, fragrance and home furnishings. The Companys products can be found in traceing department and specialty stores throughout the united States, Canada, Europe, Mexico, Central and South America, Japan, Hong Kong and other countries in the Far East, as well as the Companys own network of specialty and outlet stores in the United States, Canada and Europe. www.tommyhilfiger.comTommy Hilfiger has a competitive advantage compared to its competitors. There product mix is what gives them the advantage on competitors like Sean John, Phat Pharm, Ecko and Enyce. With other competitors like Nautica and Polo , they compete on similar grounds, but lead them with the shear diversity of their product mix. Both Polo and Ralph Lauren are legendary brands, but Tommy Hilfiger has done and outstanding job with micromarketing and appealing to the core of fashion buyers. Tommy Hilfiger leaves his urban competition behind with his strong International markets and the ability to open new markets where fashion has not been a top sale. Within the volatile industry of fashion, Tommy Hilfiger is seen as a much more stable brand. Their product appeals to a larger segment of the U.

Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Policy Essay -- US Military

Todays military is a unique force in my opinion. What makes the US Military so unique is that we fuddle an all volunteer force. With that volunteer force there are rules and regulations that need to be followed because serving our country is a privilege. The Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy is claiming that even though it may be considered an infringement on human rights and freedom of expression, it protects the rights of the rest of the military and opens a loophole for gay men and women to serve in the armed forces. Other countries conduct successfully integrated gay men and women into their militaries and compared the treatment of other minority groups in the military. Is the Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy very effective or even necessary for our militaries? The Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy means that answer men and women are non questioned about their sexual orientation, and they are not to talk about their sexual orientation. In 1993 U. S. Congress passed a federal law forbidding the military service of openly gay men and women serving in the military. Even though Congrees created the law, it was up to the military leadership to carry it out. Opposing viewpoints states(Wagner) In the early 1990s, full-grown numbers of military personnel were opposed to letting openly gay men and lesbians serve. President Bill Clinton, who promised to lift the ban during his campaign, was overwhelmed by the strength of the opposition, which imperil to overturn any executive action he might take. The compromise that came to be known as dont ask, dont tell was thus a useful make haste bump that allowed temperatures to cool for a period of time while the culture continued to evolve. The unit cohesion is premised on the assumption that ... ...gal Reason to Appeal the DADT Ruling. RSN Freethought San Marcos 21 October 2010, Print. Lochhead, Carolyn. Democrats aim to repeal Dont Ask, Dont Tell Obama supports lifting the ban on open gays in military. San Francisco Chronicle 23 July 2008 A1. Print.OKeefe, Ed. Minorities disproportionately discharged for dont ask, dont tell violations. Washington Post 17 August 2010, Print.Schwartz, John. chuck out on Gays In the Military Stays in Effect. New York Times 13 Nov. 2010 A10 (L). Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 15 Nov. 2010.Service members Legal Defense Network, steer Unbecoming Sixth annual report on Dont ask, dont tell, dont pursue, dont harass. (2000) 1. Print. Whitlock, Craig, and Greg Jaffe. Pentagon supports ending dont ask, dont tell law for gays in military. Washington Post 3 February 2010, Print.

Public Relations and Strategic Marketing at BMW Essay -- Business Mark

ordinary Relations OpportunityPublic Relations or PR for rook pot help launch a new products sells and promotions or destroy it before a company can move it from the shelf. New companies and consumers tend to err Public Relations as advertising when in point they ar polar opposites. When a company advertises they pay to encourage the products on TV, radio, or near type of media support. Public Relations, however the company may quarter the benefits of the PR but not have to pay for it. Public Relations is defined in the following ways A form of communication direct at gaining public understanding and acceptance (Learnthat, 1998-2004). A promotion intended to create seemliness for a soulfulness or institution (Wordnet, 2010). With all this verbalise a company that has a good Public Relations police squad or person has a good chance of its product reaching the targeted food market.When conducting Public Relations the company needs to understand the consumer need and show how the product will bear on their needs comp atomic number 18d to its competitors, by doing this the PR must give exchange points that show why the prattle 7 is the railcar that will meet his or her needs. level on the statistical data obtain through our market research, BMW has picked the most opportunistic time to launch the prattle 7. With the United States gas, crunch people are looking for better way to help protect the surround and save money in the process. BMW going green will not only realise a better running car not depended on harmful pollutants but will also create new jobs for thousand American to grade these cars. With BMWs quality rating over the years consumer can expect a smoother riding vehicle that comes in the BMW 600 coupe style or the exuberant style of the BMW 545 providing up t... ...BMW dealers car lots. The second phase of the strategic marketing plan is promotion. The marketing team will use the four principle elements to promote the Jabber 7. P ublic relationship, newsworthiness of mouth, advertising, and point of sale are the four elements the marketing team will use to promote the Jabber 7. The marketing team will celibately race car driver to promote the car at race tracks during race days. The celebrity will attract old and younger drivers to the Jabber 7. The company will also offer free examine dives at the race track and BMW locations. Marketing team will have television mercantile to promote the car during sports event like football games, and hoops games. The marketing team will offer interviews to some test drivers to receive information Jabber 7 driving performance. The interviews will be use for word of mouth promotion for the company. Public Relations and Strategic Marketing at BMW Essay -- line MarkPublic Relations OpportunityPublic Relations or PR for short can help launch a new products sells and promotions or destroy it before a company can move it from the shelf. New companies and cons umers tend to mistake Public Relations as advertising when in fact they are polar opposites. When a company advertises they pay to promote the products on TV, radio, or some type of media support. Public Relations, however the company may reap the benefits of the PR but not have to pay for it. Public Relations is defined in the following ways A form of communication directed at gaining public understanding and acceptance (Learnthat, 1998-2004). A promotion intended to create goodwill for a person or institution (Wordnet, 2010). With all this said a company that has a good Public Relations team or person has a good chance of its product reaching the targeted market.When conducting Public Relations the company needs to understand the consumer need and show how the product will meet their needs compared to its competitors, by doing this the PR must give selling points that show why the Jabber 7 is the car that will meet his or her needs. Base on the statistical data obtain through our market research, BMW has picked the most opportunistic time to launch the Jabber 7. With the United States gas, crunch people are looking for better way to help protect the environment and save money in the process. BMW going green will not only produce a better running car not depended on harmful pollutants but will also create new jobs for thousand American to build these cars. With BMWs quality rating over the years consumer can expect a smoother riding vehicle that comes in the BMW 600 coupe style or the luxurious style of the BMW 545 providing up t... ...BMW dealers car lots. The second phase of the strategic marketing plan is promotion. The marketing team will use the four principle elements to promote the Jabber 7. Public relationship, word of mouth, advertising, and point of sale are the four elements the marketing team will use to promote the Jabber 7. The marketing team will celibately race car driver to promote the car at race tracks during race days. The celebrity will attract old and younger drivers to the Jabber 7. The company will also offer free test dives at the race track and BMW locations. Marketing team will have television commercial to promote the car during sports event like football games, and basketball games. The marketing team will offer interviews to some test drivers to receive information Jabber 7 driving performance. The interviews will be use for word of mouth promotion for the company.

Public Relations and Strategic Marketing at BMW Essay -- Business Mark

globe Relations OpportunityPublic Relations or PR for unawargons jackpot help launch a new products sells and promotions or destroy it before a company can move it from the shelf. New companies and consumers tend to demerit Public Relations as advertising when in point they atomic number 18 polar opposites. When a company advertises they pay to heighten the products on TV, radio, or both(prenominal) type of media support. Public Relations, however the company may depict the benefits of the PR but not have to pay for it. Public Relations is defined in the following ways A form of communication enjoin at gaining public understanding and acceptance (Learnthat, 1998-2004). A promotion intended to create state of grace for a individual or institution (Wordnet, 2010). With all this tell a company that has a good Public Relations team up or person has a good chance of its product reaching the targeted foodstuff.When conducting Public Relations the company needs to understand the consumer need and show how the product will suit their needs compared to its competitors, by doing this the PR must give marketing points that show why the chatter 7 is the railway car that will meet his or her needs. primary on the statistical data obtain through our market research, BMW has picked the most opportunistic time to launch the verbalize 7. With the United States gas, crunch people are looking for better way to help protect the environs and save money in the process. BMW going green will not only acquire a better running car not depended on harmful pollutants but will also create new jobs for thousand American to wee these cars. With BMWs quality rating over the years consumer can expect a smoother riding vehicle that comes in the BMW 600 coupe style or the high-minded style of the BMW 545 providing up t... ...BMW dealers car lots. The second phase of the strategic marketing plan is promotion. The marketing team will use the four principle elements to prom ote the Jabber 7. Public relationship, vocalize of mouth, advertising, and point of sale are the four elements the marketing team will use to promote the Jabber 7. The marketing team will celibately race car driver to promote the car at race tracks during race days. The celebrity will attract old and younger drivers to the Jabber 7. The company will also offer free rise dives at the race track and BMW locations. Marketing team will have television commercial-grade to promote the car during sports event like football games, and basketball game games. The marketing team will offer interviews to some test drivers to receive information Jabber 7 driving performance. The interviews will be use for word of mouth promotion for the company. Public Relations and Strategic Marketing at BMW Essay -- line of business MarkPublic Relations OpportunityPublic Relations or PR for short can help launch a new products sells and promotions or destroy it before a company can move it from the shelf. New companies and consumers tend to mistake Public Relations as advertising when in fact they are polar opposites. When a company advertises they pay to promote the products on TV, radio, or some type of media support. Public Relations, however the company may reap the benefits of the PR but not have to pay for it. Public Relations is defined in the following ways A form of communication directed at gaining public understanding and acceptance (Learnthat, 1998-2004). A promotion intended to create goodwill for a person or institution (Wordnet, 2010). With all this said a company that has a good Public Relations team or person has a good chance of its product reaching the targeted market.When conducting Public Relations the company needs to understand the consumer need and show how the product will meet their needs compared to its competitors, by doing this the PR must give selling points that show why the Jabber 7 is the car that will meet his or her needs. Base on t he statistical data obtain through our market research, BMW has picked the most opportunistic time to launch the Jabber 7. With the United States gas, crunch people are looking for better way to help protect the environment and save money in the process. BMW going green will not only produce a better running car not depended on harmful pollutants but will also create new jobs for thousand American to build these cars. With BMWs quality rating over the years consumer can expect a smoother riding vehicle that comes in the BMW 600 coupe style or the luxurious style of the BMW 545 providing up t... ...BMW dealers car lots. The second phase of the strategic marketing plan is promotion. The marketing team will use the four principle elements to promote the Jabber 7. Public relationship, word of mouth, advertising, and point of sale are the four elements the marketing team will use to promote the Jabber 7. The marketing team will celibately race car driver to promote the car at race track s during race days. The celebrity will attract old and younger drivers to the Jabber 7. The company will also offer free test dives at the race track and BMW locations. Marketing team will have television commercial to promote the car during sports event like football games, and basketball games. The marketing team will offer interviews to some test drivers to receive information Jabber 7 driving performance. The interviews will be use for word of mouth promotion for the company.

Character Analysis †Les Miserables Essay

In the impertinent, Les Miserables, by Victor Hugo, the protagonist, blue jean Valjean changes throughout the course of the novel from a contemptible, conniving ex-convict to an noble, compassionate, and intrepid man. During his time in jail, dungaree Valjeans heart becomes corrupted he realizes the world detests him for who he is. However, a bishop named Myriel shows him great kindness and compassion for him, which transforms him forever. In a small town, Montreuil-sur-mer, Valjean restores economic and social balance as well as chouse and adopt an orphan girl. Because of one mans simple acts of veneration, dungaree Valjean vows to commit his life to goodness and vindicates himself and proving that he has truly changed. In the beginning of the novel, Valjean emerges from prison as a hardened criminal who hates society Myriel, however, forever changes Valjeans character, as Myriel compels him to become an noble person, which leads Valjean to support a town in need.Myriel treats Valjean with kindness, and Valjean repays the bishop by stealing his specieware. When the bishop came to him, he said, Do not forget, ever, that you have promised him to use this silver to become an honest man. Jean Valjean, who had no recollection of any such promise, stood dumbfounded. The bishop had stressed these words as he spoke them. He continued solemnly, Jean Valjean, my brother, you no longer belong to evil, but to good (73).When the police arrest Valjean, Myriel covers for him, claiming that the silverware was a gift. The authorities release Valjean and Myriel makes him promise to become an honest man. Eager to complete his promise to his savior, Valjean masks his identity as Madeleine and brings the town of Montreuil-sur-mer prosperity and peace.Under a new identity, Cosette, a young orphan who was abused, is a flesh manifestation of Jean Valjeans love and compassion. He realizes not notwithstanding is he capable of loving someone, but passing on love to others. When Valjean find out the Thenardier family, who supposedly took care of Cosette, only used her as their main source of income since they were paid to become caretakers and abused her, it only drove to become more indulgent. Although it is not his province to adopt Cosette, Valjean decides to do so anyway, love came, and he again grew strong. Alas he was no less feeble than Cosette. He protected her and she gave strength to him. give thanks to him, she could walk upright in life thanks to her, he could persist in virtuous deeds. He was the support of this child, and this child was his prop and staff (383). Valjeans unconditional love for his daughter changes the way he is throughout the novel. This is another way Valjean keeps his promises and repay what he had done in the past. Jean Valjeans love is clearly shown through his adopted daughter, Cosette, whom he feels sympathy and cherishes.He is exceptional in his mental strength and his willingness to discover what is good, and this e arnestness is enough to make him the novels hero as well as a savior and a friend to a number of people who find themselves in danger. though many are convinced of Jean Valjeans change in personality, Javert the chief police, discovers Valjeans criminal records and his real identity. The novels antagonist, Javert, is chasing after Valjean, only to arrest him for a fraud identity. In Javerts point of view, to owe life to a malefactor . . . to be, in spite of himself, on a aim with a fugitive from justice . . . to betray society in order to be true to his own conscience that all these absurdities . . . should accumulate on himselfthis is what prostrated him (457).Javert is otiose to comprehend his enemys love for humanity. Though his goals are evident to Valjean, he risks his life to save Javert. This is one of Valjeans greatest conquest as the hero of the story saving an enemy. Torn between the future and his mores, Valjean chooses to spare Javerts life, who later grants Valjeans f reedom from prosecution. In Victor Hugos masterful, Les Miserables, an in antithetic(p) ex-convict, Jean Valjean, slowly molds into a noble, compassionate, and heroic man under various circumstances and his encounters.Though his experiences in prison hardens his heart, Valjean transform into a completely different person because of one mans doing Monsieur Myriel, who shows him love and respect, despite his wicked nature. As a result, Valjeans life is changed and gives others the same compassion that was given to him. As his life drastically changes, Jean Valjean becomes the central figure of this novel and becomes the moral hero of the story.

Color scope Case Management Accounting Essay

Printing sector, which is due to the new technologies coming to the market, that made a assortment the competitive position of the company. The impact of the external environment ? Problem Identified ? Lowering of the barriers to entry due to the cheaper technologies implemented in the market ? Advanced engineering science grinding down the quality-based competitive advantage. ? High competition from large national chains and small stand-alones ?Price pressures and loss of high margins, i. e. rent Management history The Original Allocation ?The company faced inaccuracy issues in identifying customer profitability, using of the Activity Based Costing (ABC) ?Calculating rent of Assembly Sq. ft. We took the total arrive of rent and divided it by the total amount of the square feet which is 30000/15000 and then multiplied it by the square feet of the assembly department cost pool 4000, which adds up to $8000.($30,000/15,000 sq. ft. )*4,000= $8,000 ? Calculating Others for Assembly L abour hrs. Using the same method, but using the total amount of the number of labour hours instead of the square feet utilized. ($20,000/2440hrs)*1,280= $10,491. 8 ? In order to maintain a competitive advantage, this report is to review the system they are using and point out what needs to be done to scatter the issues faced

Ek Ruka Hua Faisla – Review

EEk rukaa hua faisla , remake of Hollywood classic Twelve angry men an Oscar good-natured Film widely used in Management Schools & corporate for reading(a) HUMAN BEHAVIOR and LEADERSHIP STYLES .. Lets take a panorama at the plot first to be familiar with this movie. The movie starts from a scene in a jury room where 12 jury members are discussing the case for the final verdict. The case is regarding a murder of an old man and the suspect is his own son.Everything from the statement of witnesses to debate of lawyers has already finished. And as they are ambit verdict and counting chooses.. 11 said guilty and 1 said non guilty. Now the whole movie revolves around this 1 person who is standing on his ground for voting non guilty. He explains that he is so-so(p) in his judgment and un slight he is satisfied he wont vote guilty. And gradually with his common sense, thinking and debating power ( Advocacy skills ) he changed the mind of other jury members until finally they all vot ed not guilty.This movie is special particularly because it portrays the thinking of 12 different people from 12 different aspects of society, from self-made guy coming from the slums to famous doctor to elite class people. In these 12 jury members, everyone was so careless to r from severally one their decision except that 12th person. They are so preoccupied with their personal problems or engagements that they do not understand the gravity of their decision. 1 persons life is on stake. yes, the accused guy could be substantial culprit or maybe not. plainly they should not just let the guy to be hanged only because they were getting late for a movie or a game or for dinner party, etc. Sometimes the plot do get interesting when that lone ranger (12th jury member) is highlighting the broken links in the statements of witnesses and the case put in concert by public-prosecutor against the accused. You get the feeling that this guy could do wonders if he were a real lawyer and whet her the lawyer for the accused was so stupid. The movie touch the police wagon of everyone who watches it. It shows how unsafe we all rightfully are.How much we lie to our self just to feel safe and strong , and how weak we really are. You can relate yourself to each and every one of that jury member. Each person is a manifestation of your in different situations you can find yourself in your daily routine life. And it horrifies you to ca-ca that how prejudiced and careless you have become to other humans and their feelings. You are not wrong in any way.. but you have to be consciousness enough and responsible enough to take others point of view into account too when reaching a major decision that could marrow others life.The message is very clear. Do not reach any decision just for the heck of it. Do take time to think and be as neutral as possible. You really feel so sick when you see and hear the remarks of the other jury members and why most of them want the male child t o be punished. Just because the guy from elite class think that this boy belongs to slums and so they must be destroyed to make 1 person less against the fight for exploitation. The doctor thinks that these guys are good for nothing and its better that the boy should be punished for making this world more safe and clean.But The main character is the jury member who is most difficult to change his decission, Pankaj kapoor (who i am sure was quite young when he acted in this movie), is really amazing in his portrayal of a hurt father who is prejudiced about the accused boy because his own son had been disrespectful to him and even slapped him. And in the end, you really wonder.. this is a movie so there has to be poetic justice. But in this real world, can you really be impartial and neutral while making every decision? i know and you know too.. ts next to impossible.. that 12th jury member, the ideal human be , only exist in the movie. Its hard to find anybody who can be impartial i n decisions which do not effect their own life. So, the real decision here to be made is to be positive and unbiased and not to be influenced by our preconceived notions in making important decisions. I am glad that i get to share my views with all of you guys. I would totally recommend this movie to everyone. and i mean everyone. This movie is worth notice at least once for your development. ttp//www. slideshare. net/prkworld/ek-ruka-hua-faisla The model is represented as a grid with concern for production as the x-axis and concern for people as the Y-axis each axis ranges from 1 (Low) to 9 (High). The resulting leadership names are as fol sufferings * The indifferent (previously called impoverished) tendency (1,1) evade and elude. In this style, managers have low concern for both(prenominal)(prenominal) people and production. Managers use this style to preserve job and job seniority, protecting themselves by avoiding getting into trouble.The main concern for the manager is n ot to be held responsible for any mistakes, which results in less innovative decisions. * The accommodating (previously, country club) style (1,9) yield and comply. This style has a high concern for people and a low concern for production. Managers using this style pay much attention to the security and comfort of the employees, in hopes that this will increase performance. The resulting atmosphere is usually friendly, but not necessarily very productive. * The dictatorial (previously, produce or perish) style (9,1) control and dominate.With a high concern for production, and a low concern for people, managers using this style find employee needs unimportant they provide their employees with money and expect performance in return. Managers using this style also pressure their employees through rules and punishments to achieve the keep company goals. This dictatorial style is based on Theory X of Douglas McGregor, and is commonly applied by companies on the edge of real or perceived failure. This style is often used in cases of crisis management. * The status quo (previously, middle-of-the-road) style (5,5) balance and compromise.Managers using this style try to balance among company goals and workers needs. By giving some concern to both people and production, managers who use this style hope to achieve suitable performance but doing so gives away a bit of each concern so that neither production nor people needs are met. * The sound (previously, team style) (9,9) contribute and commit. In this style, high concern is paid both to people and production. As suggested by the propositions of Theory Y, managers choosing to use this style encourage teamwork and commitment among employees.This method relies heavily on making employees feel themselves to be rehabilitative parts of the company. * The opportunistic style exploit and manipulate. Individuals using this style, which was added to the grid theory before 1999, do not have a fixed location on the grid. They adopt whichever behaviour offers the greatest personal benefit. * The paternalistic style prescribe and guide. This style was added to the grid theory before 1999. In The Power to Change, it was redefined to alternate between the (1,9) and (9,1) locations on the grid.Managers using this style praise and support, but discourage challenges to their thinking * Grid theory breaks behavior down into seven key elements Element comment Initiative Taking action, driving and supporting Inquiry Questioning, researching and verifying understanding Advocacy Expressing convictions and championing ideas Decision Making Evaluating resources, choices and consequences Conflict Resolution Confronting and resolving disagreements Resilience traffic with problems, setbacks and failures Critique Delivering objective, candid feedback

International Business: Volkswagen Essay

The foundation of Volkswagen dates back to the Third Reich. For the opening of the international automobile show in Berlin 1934, Adolf Hitler demanded the development of a car which should be priced at a maximum price of 1000 Reichsmark and thus remain affordable for the average citizen. This car should be named Car of the people (Volkswagen) and offer space for a family of quatern members. The first determine was designed by Ferdinand Porsche in 1934 and in May 1937, the Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH (a family for the preparation of the German Volkswagen Ltd.) was established in Berlin (Volkswagen AG 2013). 1 year later, the conjunction changed its name into Volkswagenwerk Gmbh The beginning of todays popular German car manufacturer.Over the last decades, Volkswagen turned from being the owner of a single(a) production plant in Wolfsburg into Europes largest automobile producer and the third largest of the world with a yearly turnover of about 19 2,676 million. The company sells, directs and produces twelve automobile brands all over world. 550,000 employees turn over together to produce 37,700 cars per day which can be purchased in 153 countries (Volkswagen Company 2013). The following report guidancees on the automotive division, excluding the financial services division and some other subsidiaries.1a) The design of a multinational enterprises (MNE) strategy is primordially determined by the institutions and the prevailing finale of its home country. Volkswagens (VW) scotch origin is found in central Germany, a town called Wolfsburg, where one of its largest production sites is still in place. Often expound as Europes economic engine (Iwulska et. al 2013), Germany possesses a culture favoring individualism and refusing power distance (Hofstede 2013, appendix 1.1.). With a score of 67 on Hofstedes individualism scale, Germany joins those Northern European countries prioritizing self-actualization, which often leads German workers to pioneer the motto of live in order to work. In this context, the work itself constitutes an aftermathant source of self-esteem in the German culture.This mentality strongly ties in with a pronounced masculinity, prioritizing career progression and material rewards as tumefy as approving a sharp differentiation in gender roles (Peng & Meyer, p.75).At the same time, the exchange between the average worker and their supervisor is marked by mutual constructive feedback and checkicipation (Peng & Mayer, p.75), as express in low power distance scores. However, one can observe the strong concern for integrated situations which describes a core element of the German culture (Vector Study 2012). Typical for a country scoring high on the uncertainty avoidance scale, Germany favors a bank-based financial system where risk reduction portrays a priority (Tadesse et al. 2005, p.4). In contrast, Germany scores divideicularly low on the long-term orientation scale, as expres sed in its great appreciation for respecting traditions as well as establishing the truth (Hofstede 2013, appendix 1.1.).A nonher determinant of designing a successful strategy displays the globose connectedness of the country, namely the degree of information exchange, human resources and trade with other economies of the world. With the second highest overall connectedness big businessman, Germany meets the expectations of one of the worlds largest exporting economies. such(prenominal) strength in export is promoted by the achieved European Integration (EU) which remains the most globally connected region of the world (Ghemawat 2012). As opposed to the scummy sustainable rally of the overall global connectedness index in those years following the financial crisis (Ghemawat 2013), Germany managed to further approach its peak value of 2007 whilst consolidating its economic daub in Europe as seen by its presence in Europes top 10 countries in all four pillars of the index (Ghema wat et al. 2012, appendix 1.2.).Given Germanys increased trade with other European countries, its merchandise trade score in the breadth dimension is more inward-oriented. untoward to this, Germany shows a strong tendency for outward trade flows of both merchandise trade as well as services in the breadth dimension. In this context, Germanys focus on manufacturing becomes evident with reference to higher scores obtained for both inward and outward merchandise trade than for its equivalents in services. Overall, Germany displays an example of procession depth in its global exchange with other economies whilst continuing to sharpen its global profile as expressed in an increase score in the breadth dimension.b) Volkswagen can be described as a truly home-region oriented company, given that the largest proportion of sales revenues is created in Europe (table 1). However, it nearly achieved to benefit 20% of its sales revenues in another region, namely southeastern America, pointing towards Volkswagens objectives of further expanding globally (Volkswagen AG 2013).Region Europe North America Asia-Pacific South America Total Sales revenues(mio) 28.191 6.554 4.392 7.429 46.565 Percentage sales(sales revenues/Total sales revenues) 60.541% 14.075 % 9.431% 15.954 % 100% Table 1 Sales revenues by region (Interim Report 2013)2a) One of VWs most important ownership advantages at the upstream end portrays its standardization in production practices, namely in foothold of MQB and MLB (Taylor 2012). These production systems stick out for grammatical construction different models from using the same components whilst increasing the productive efficiency and reducing the by dint ofput time across all its international business units (Buiga 2012). In this context, the transfer of its govern production practices across its business units globally is supplemented by VWs ability to do so without the customer noticing (Taylor 2012). This ability is, however, strongly promot ed by its second unparalleled ownership advantage at the downstream end, namely VWs internationally recognized and asseverateed brand identity.Generally, Volkswagen is perceived by customers as a car manufacturer offering high both quality and longevity with cars such as the beetle succeeding over decades (Haig 2011). Consequently, its brand identity displays the source of its global hawkish advantage, given that consumers associate it with the aforementioned advantages (Taylor 2012), contributing to its perpetually increasing brand value (Interbrand 2012). Given its innovations in the light of fostering sustainability and the resulting recognition of being stratified fourth among Interbrands Best Global Green Brands, Volkswagens brand identity is destined to improve further most likely to be presented through the continuation of its brand value growth (Interbrand 2012).b) The Uppsala model by Jan Johansen and Jan-Erik suggests that internationalization is a dynamic process of learning in which firms take decisions over their future(a) step based on what they know at that time(Peng & Mayer 2011). Experiencing new markets and cultures muffles the liability of outsidership and influences the firms ability to perceive risks and to recognize opportunities. The stage model is similar to the Uppsala model because both models imply that a step-by-step process is necessary to reduce market uncertainty whereby the stage model does not focus on the experimental learning process, but on the increase in degree of commitments. If firms, for example, first make use of licensing, afterwards founding a control stick estimate and finally owning subsidiaries, then they are able to reduce cultural and institutional distance.After China started to open some of their trade borders to take part of the international trade, VW signed a contract in 1985 to establish a reciprocal venture Volkswagen Shanghai Automotive Company Ltd. was the first joint venture in the Chinese a utomobile market. With an equal share of 50% for the German and Chinese shareholders, VW is and will not be able to fully own a subsidiary. To ensure the market leader position, VW founded a second joint venture in 1991 whereby the German shareholders yet have 40% of the shares (Volkswagen AG 2013). However, in April 2002 the Shanghai-VW joint venture extended the contract until 2030 which shows that VW puts great value on effectively occupying the position of Chinas largest foreign car marketer (Feng 2007). VWs mesmerise into the Chinese market supports the stage model more than the Uppsala model because the incremental steps are recognizable founding the first joint venture in Shanghai, then another one in Changchun and finally extending the contracts.3a) The automotive industry is known to be one of the most globalized industries due to companies organizing its production in a global value chain (Sturgeon et al. 2008). As Volkswagen is one of the worlds largest automotive compa nies, its thousands of suppliers are located across the globe. Even though VWs home are located in Germany, only 26% of their cars were produced in its home country. The company operates with more than 100 foreign affiliates in South America, Eastern and European countries, South Africa and Asia (Chiappini 2011). In most factories, different motor vehicle models are produced, whereas in others, automotive products and components are assembled. Considering the number of factories outside its home region, VWs degree of offshoring is very high. As the suppliers make a substantial contribution to the companys success, reliable partnerships need to be present. This leads VW to establish a accommodating relationship with a number of long-term oriented suppliers to increase its focus on the quality of each component. Furthermore, VWs focus on quality, technology, and innovation, leads it to select its suppliers on cost to quality basis. Additionally, VW selects only the suppliers which i mplement production-related environmental and social standards according to global minimum standards (Volkswagen AG 2006).b) The advantages of VWs international sourcing strategies are stable relationships with its suppliers which allow for a high integration in the production processes. By choosing reliable and trustworthy suppliers, VW gains a competitive advantage in ensuring the high quality of assembled components. As the focus lies on the products quality, sourced inputs cannot always be purchased at the lo wolfram price.In order to provide all production facilities with the necessary supplies, VW is dependent on a large number of suppliers which increases the risk of deficient components. VW tries to counteract this risk by implementing a selective admission process for its suppliers. Its offshoring strategy enables the company to exploit lower production costs in emerging countries. At the same time, by setting up production facilities in different countries, import restrict ions can also be avoided. In order to become the worlds leading car manufacturer by 2018, VW must enhance its collaborationism and integration with its suppliers in the long term to strengthen its competitive advantage.4a) Ghana is currently one of the most approving emerging markets in West Africa with a GDP growth rate of 14.4 % and a FDI inflow of US$3 billion per year (World Bank 2013). It is one of the most secure countries in terms of corruption and furthermore, the supported change in institutional frameworks by the World Bank and the IMF simplifies business practices (Gyetuah 2009). Moreover, the geographical location offers many opportunities to serve the complete west coast by shipping and to reduce transaction costs. Volkswagen already has plants in South Africa, which recently gained a membership of the BRICs, but the companys responsiveness to market changes in the northern countries is poor because of the distance. Besides, Ghana offers a unique opportunity set for b usinesses.It has many natural resources for example cocoa, gold, silver, industrial diamonds, manganese, bauxite, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, timber, salt, limestone and anele (The underlying Intelligence Agency 2013). Ghana has become the magnet of many European and especially Chinese companies, particularly in the oil industry which shares ties to the automotive industry. Currently, only Toyota Ltd. has a plant in Ghana and consequently competition is relatively low which facilitates the gathering of a significant market share (List of companies 2013). However, Ghana is small by the increasing flow of drugs through West African States that is beginning to undermine the state, through weakening its institutions, its local communities, and its social fabric and since the production of oil and gas not only businesses but also terrorism is attracted which create a certain risk for many companies (Aning 2008).Figure 1 Emerging Markets (http//emergingmarkets.ey.com/worldmap/ gold coast/) b) Volkswagen should focus on the hub in Ghana by founding a majority joint venture with a local company. This strategy lowers the liability of outsidership bandage accelerating the comprehension of the culture and economy to prevent threats of piracy. Volkswagen can consequently share costs and risks with its local partner, thus limiting the financial risk of investment. Furthermore, a conglutination with a local company creates a dynamic network which is vital for the distribution to other countries and is politically preferred. The strategy of a joint venture in an emerging economy is more profitable and secure than in a developed market where formal and informal institutions are important and an inherent part of the legal framework and culture. While ledger entry developed markets is more profitable when taking direct actions, making use of the ownership advantages and critical success factors, entering an emerging market stresses cultural sensitivity and caution .5a) Recently Volkswagen entered the Mexican emerging market by finishing a new plant in January 2013. This was chiefly done due to aid their strategic objective to increase sales in the United States. The demand for passenger cars in the US is forecasted to be 7 million units. Moreover, in 2011 the automobile production increased by 12.5% to 2.64 million units and a growth of 8 9 % per year are expected until 2016 (Bouman 2012). With the favorable geographic location of Mexico and its 12 FTA with 43 countries, NAFTA Volkswagen has a great opportunity to expand sales (Grant Thornton 2012). Another strategic objective is to strengthen its market position in North America which is an essential component of the Volkswagen Groups global growth strategy (Volkswagen AG 2013). Apparently, North America has 17,167,000 cars of which 4.9 % are vehicles of Volkswagen (Volkswagen AG 2013). To fulfill its strategic objective with a high cost reduction it was necessary to enter the Mexican mark et.b) VW regards FDI as one of its preferred entry modes. With the bearing of penetrating both local and neighboring markets, VW has set up manufacturing plants in India aiming at establishing an export base to the around regions (Wen 2007, p. 51) in addition to its recent announcements of increasing the density of its production facilities network in Mexico (FDITracker 2013). Aside from FDI, Volkswagen has entered foreign markets through those modes considered less risky strategic alliances and joint ventures. Throughout the portfolio of countries in which VW operates, it has formed strategic alliances with firms such as Daewoo Motor Sales Co for marketing purposes in South Korea. Additionally, VW entered several joint ventures and thus achieved the penetration of markets in both evolution (e.g. Angola) and developed (e.g. U.S.) economies (Wen 2007, p. 52-53).In this context, the formation of joint ventures displays VWs prior mode of entry for the Chinese market and could not hav e been substituted by any other of the aforementioned entry modes. Given the legal obligation by Chinese authorities, VW entered two joint ventures in the 1990s which have been extended ever since whilst continuously pursuing FDI by investing in both existing and new production facilities (Schrott 2012). In the case of China, these joint ventures displayed not only VWs single -legally possible- entry mode for one of the worlds largest car markets, but also a source of production resources, as well as both knowledge and network relations for the Chinese automotive market (Schrott 2012).c) As far as VWs multinational strategy is concerned, one can distinctly identify its global approach, characterized by its standardization practicesthroughout the primary process and the bureaucratic operation that envelops its subsidiaries.Figure 2 VWs multionational corporate structure (Ptsch 2011)In this context, VW has recently implemented the standardization of its IT infrastructure across unit and country boundaries, in addition to the cost-efficient MQB (see 2a) production system in place (Microsoft 2012). such measures clearly indicate the identification of VWs global standardization strategy given that it holds centers of excellence in each of its sales regions (see figure 2.). Nevertheless, VW still lacks the distribution of knowledge and innovation across country boundaries and among subsidiaries in the same region, as a result of the centralization of R&D in its home country (Schmid et al.). Consequently, VW does not follow a transnational strategy which would include this aforementioned diffusion, but remains strategically centralized (Mller 2005), particularly in considering itself as the ripe car maker from Wolfsburg ..where its home lies (Volkswagen 2013).6a) As one of the worlds leading automobile manufacturers, VW sets high standards in both, social and environmental concerns and it was consequently not easy to find significant dilemma situations. Neverth eless, in many emerging countries, VW was confronted by the social issue of rising pressure to engage in behavior, which is considered strongly unethical in the Western World (Deutsche Presse Agentur 2005).Figure 3 Worldwide Governance Indicators (http//info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/mc_chart.asp)Engaging in corruption and bribery is common in countries with weak control systems and can give firms large advantages. With the high degree of power that comes along with the size of an influential company like VW, it is also harder to remain control over all business entities. Over the last decades, VW had to face several allegations of bribery and corruption. In 2005, information about a bribery turd in India involving the former HR chief at VWs Czech unit, Skoda, became public.The firm reacted immediately by submitting the case to court (NDR 2013). Besides, VW also faces the environmental dilemma of increasing sustainability while keeping costs to a minimum. Furthermore, VW is pre ssured by several environmental organizations, particularly Greenpeace, who accused VW of not making sufficient progress on fuel efficiency. Over the past five years, VW reduced the carbon emissions of its latest models by 13% and introduced a range of new car models with cleaner engine technologies, thereby acting in accordance to the latest criteria (Handelsblatt 2012). In 2013, VW also agreed to reduce the CO2 emission standards of its newly produced cars to an average of 95g/km by 2020 and subsequently finally reached an agreement with Greenpeace.* b) As a large MNE, VW has a number of stakeholders that need to be satisfied. Since its stakeholders are highly interrelated, the firm has to focus on strategic actions that are in accordance with all its stakeholders. *** Figure 4 Stakeholder Dialogue (Volkswagen 2013)** Even though the social dilemma of corruption can fade all over the world, it is prevalently perceived in emerging countries. The issue is therefore of global releva nce and especially harmful to the company and its employees. Uncovering corruption is of give away importance for VW and in order to satisfy all stakeholders, the firm has implemented a specific system which enables employees and business partners to fight corruption (Volkswagen AG 2013). A globally standardized strategy in this issue is explicitly important since any form of fraud is unacceptable in VWs home country. Volkswagen is therefore trying to counteract any mode of corruption, as the publication of such affairs involves highly undesirable consequences for the future.* The increased need of sustainable processes and environmental ken is also a global issue. Even though sustainability does not have the same significance in every culture, VW sets high standards for all the production facilities as well as its suppliers worldwide. By implementing the same norms for all employees, suppliers and other parties involved, VW wants to ensure the same quality and standards that it i s known for in its home region. In order to maintain the credibility concerning sustainability and CSR, a globally standardized strategy is highly appropriate.c) Both, VW and Unilever have remarkable similarity in allocating considerable value to social responsibility and sustainability. Unilevers approach is very similar to that of VW as both companies have similar corporate governance manuals and strongly encourage ethical behavior. While Unilever actively tries to reduce its impact on the environment by trying to halve its carbon footprint by 2020, VW set the goal of reducing the CO2 emission of its new-car eliminate by 30% until 2015.Furthermore, both companies sacrifice retained earnings to invest in the improvement of sustainability and social responsibility in order to maintain a good public image. Moral philosophies and environmentally sound behavior are highly prioritized and both firms refrain from behavior that can be considered unethical in the host countries, for insta nce by implementing strict regulations for their suppliers. Improving corporate social responsibility policies, as well as developing more efficient processes, is advance from the viewpoint of the corporation and the society at large, so both firms approaches can be supported.Aning, K 2008, From voluntary to a binding process towards the securitisation of small weapons, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, pp.169-181 viewed 12 May 2013, . Bouman, S 2012, Mexico Business opportunities in the automotive industry, draft, 14 August, Agentschap NL, viewed 12 May 2013, . Buiga, Dr A 2012, canvas the Role of MQB Platform in Volkswagen Groups Strategy and Automobile industry, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and fond Sciences September 2012, vol. 2 no.9, pp.391-398, viewed 2 May 2013, retrieved from . Chiappini, R 2011,

Wacc for Fedex Corp.

Preface First of all, I would like to thank Ms. Thuy for her enthusiastic guidance and result all of questions to help me complete this exercise easily. Simultaneously, thanks to her professional lectures on class which also build me with deep understanding of how to access and deal with problems in financial management so that I can complete this report. All of the data is collected through 2 website http//finance. yahoo. com/ and http//www. finra. org/ I. ABOUT FEDEX CORPORATION FedEx Corporation is a holding caller-out.The Company provides a portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services under the FedEx brand, originally known asFDX Corporation, is an American globalcourierdelivery services company headquartered inMemphis, Tennessee. FedEx Corporation is a Delaware corporation, incorpo charge per unitd October 2, 1997. FDX Corporation was founded in January 1998 with the acquisition of Caliber System Inc. by Federal Express,the worldslargest airlinein terms of pa ck tons flown and the worlds fourth largest in terms of fleet size, delivering packages and freight to more than 375 destinations in nearly every country each day.With the purchase of Caliber, FedEx started offering early(a) services besides express shipping. TheStandard Carrier Alpha Code (SCAC)is a unique code used to identify transportation companies. It is typically dickens to four alphabetic letters long. It was developed by theNational Motor Freight Traffic Associationin the 1960s to help the transportation exertion for computerizing data and records. FedExs codes include * FDE FedEx Express * FDEG FedEx Ground * FXFE FedEx Freight * FDCC FedEx Custom Critical II. STATISTICS AND CALCULATION 1. SummarystatisticsAccroding to the collected data There is one non- callable pose issues of FedEx Corporation (FDX) in the ten-year maturity which is FDX. GD, use its yield of maturity as the pre-tax cost of debt. * Market cherish of equity 34. 3 billions in USD * Value gold 34. 02 billions in USD * The beta is 1. 32 and risk-free rate is 2% * A market risk premium of 5% and tax rate of 35% 2. Estimated comparability a. The market value of debt Using the collected data in the appendix 3, the market value of debt can be easily calculated The market value of FDXs debt = $250,000,000*105. 08%+$750,000,000*130. 704%+$239,000,000*131%=$1,557,390,000 * Total value of the profligate = Total of market value of debt and equity =$34,300,000,000+$1,557,390,000=$35,857,390,000 b. The weights for FedExs equity and debt Weight for equity =34,300,000,00035,857,390,000=95. 6567% Weight for debt=1,557,390,00035,857,390,000=4. 3433% 3. Apply the CAPM to get GMs WACC Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Equity Beta * Market Risk Premium =2%+1. 32*5%= 0. 086 useful Cost of debt = Rd1-Tc=5. 89%1-0. 35=0. 0376 WACC is the average of the costs of these sources of financing, each of which is weighted by its respective use in the given situation. By taking a weighted average, we can see how much interest the company has to pay for every dollar it finances. A firms WACC is the overall required return on the firm as a whole and, as such, it is often used internally by company directors to determine the economic feasibility of expansionary opportunities and mergers.It is the appropriate discount rate to use for bills flows with risk that is similar to that of the overall firm. The WACC equation is the cost of each capital component multiplied by its proportional weight and then summing WACC= EV. Re+DV. Rd(1-Tc) We can easily calculate WACC of FedEx Corporation is approximately 8. 3898%. III. APPENDIX Appendix 1 Market value of equity Enterprise value cash Beta $34. 3 $34. 02 1. 32 *dollar amount in billions Appendix 2 Risk free rate Pre-tax cost of debt (Rd) % 5. 789 Appendix 3 stick Symbol Issuer Name Coupon Maturity Callable Price Yield Amount outstanding FDX. GX FEDERAL extract CORP PASS THRU TR - - No 121. 375 4. 153 - FDX. HR FEDERAL EXPRESS C ORP - - No - - - FDX. HO FEDEX CORP 7. 38 01/15/2014 Yes 105. 608 0. 507 $250,000 FDX. HP FEDEX CORP 8 01/15/2019 Yes 130. 704 2. 327 $750,000 FDX. GD FEDERAL EXPRESS CORP 7. 6 07/01/2097 No 131 5. 789 $239,000 *dollar amount in thousands

Annotated Booklist of Children’s Literature Essay

Mr. and Mrs. Mallard fly north to look for a place to live. Their first choice is the Public Garden in Boston, scarcely when Mrs. Mallard is almost run e verywhere by a bike she decides that it is non a good place to bring up a family. They finally decide on a spot on the Charles River and meet a Policeman called Michael who feeds them.Mrs. Mallard lays eight eggs. Mr. Mallard whence decides to explore the delay of the river and agreed to meet the whole family the following week in the Public Garden. When the ducklings are born Mrs. Mallard teaches them to swim and dive and to follow in a straight line so she roll in the hay take them to meet their father in the Public Garden.As they wade ashore and start to cross the road, the cars light to honk their horns. The ducklings respond to this by quacking at them. Michael sees what is happening and stops the traffic so the ducklings quarter cross the road. Once they are across, he contacts other law of nature officers to service him hold traffic to make way for the ducklings so that Mrs. Mallard and her family are able to cross the s channelizet safely into the Public Garden. Mrs. Mallard and the ducklings then swim across the pond across to the little island where they found Mr. Mallard waiting for them. The ducklings like their new island so much that they decide to live there. individual(prenominal) result Did this book resonate with you? If so, in what ways? If not, why not? I enjoyed rendering this book as an adult, remembering it from childhood.Reading it as an adult, I realize the some of the lessons I learned as a child such(prenominal) as following instructions from my mother for example. Would you propose this book? If so, to whom and why? If not, why not? I would highly recommend this book to preschool and early education teachers who are looking for an entertaining allegory that can be utilise to teach the children approximately such things as following instructions. For older children a big thing that can be learned is how some time things are not as they initially appear, and the Mallard family cave ined through the story. Would you like to read other books by this fountain? wherefore or why not? Yes. The cause/illustrator did a wonderful job of keeping the story moving, and allowing the pictures to punctuate and helps move the story along, bandage keep to holding the interest of the reader. How does this book demonstrate characteristics of lineament literature? This book shows a good balance between the illustrations and the pen, allowing each to focus the other as the story moves. The story is 1 that younger children can relate to, and using ducks as the primary characters, it creates an interest in the readers or listeners to want to find out more. Additional notes/comments/criticismsAlthough this story is almost 70 age old, some of the issues it addresses are valid and current even in modern times. In this reviewers opinion the greatest asset of t he story is the strength of its primary young-bearing(prenominal) character in Mrs. Mallard, showing her to be a woman who is not afraid to make decisions and take charge, something not often seen in 1941.TitleA Wrinkle in TimeAuthor Madeleine LEngleIllustratorEllen Raskin (1960s editions), Leo and Diane Dillon (current hardcover) Publisher Farrar, Straus & GirouxDate of Publication 1962GenreFantasy get around SynopsisIn the get-go of the story, we are introduced to Meg Murry. Although she is very bright, her self esteem is very low and this is causing her problems in school. We learn her parents are both scientists, and that her father has been missing for over a year now. We are also introduced to her five year old brother, Charles Wallace, who we discover very quickly is an extremely gifted child with a very close bond to his sister.On a dark stormy night a strange woman who identifies herself as Ms. Whatsit visits the Murry family and she tells Megs mother, There is such a thi ng as a Tesseract. The abutting day, Charles Wallace takes Meg to meet his new friend Mrs. Whatsit, and her friends Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which. On their way there they meet up with Calvin OKeefe, a boy Meg goes to school with, and he and Charles Wallace immediately become friends. The three ladies, who are actually very strange and powerful beings from beyond the Earth, shot to help Meg and Charles find their father. The children learn from Mrs. Whatsit and her friends that the universe is threatened by a great evil called the Dark Thing. They are told several planets have already succumbed to this evil force, including Camazotz, the planet on which Mr. Murry is being held.The children are transported by Mrs. Whatsit to Camazotz and instruct remain always in each others company. On Camazotz, everything appears on the dot alike because the whole planet must conform to the terrifying rhythmic pulsation of IT, a giant disembodied brain. Charles Wallace tries to fight IT with his excep tional intelligence scarce allows himself to be hypnotized to try and save his father. He then leads Meg and Calvin to Mr. Murry and together they confront IT. Meg and Calvin are also unable to withstand ITs power and escape only at the last minute, when Mr. Murry appears and seizes Meg and Calvin, tessering away with them to the planet Ixchel inhabited by tall, furry beasts that care for the travelers. Unfortunately Charles Wallace is left undersurface and remains possessed by IT.The three Mrs. Ws appear as Meg realizes that she must travel al unitary back to Camazotz to rescue her brother. Mrs. Which tells her that she has one thing that IT does not have and this one thing will be her only weapon against the evil. Meg is told she has to discover this weapon for herself. When standing in the figurehead of IT, Meg finally realizes what this weapon is, her ability to love. By concentrating on her love for Charles Wallace, she is able to restore him to his true identity, releasing him from ITs clutches and the teasers with him, landing in their vegetable garden on Earth, where her father and Calvin are waiting for her. The family reunites as the three Mrs. Ws visit them one last time. in-person Response Did this book resonate with you? If so, in what ways? If not, why not? This is one of my favorite books from childhood, and to this day one of my favorite generators. As a child I understood the character of Meg, and many times in life felt a kinship with her in many ways. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in were understandable to me, and writings such as this showed me I was not alone. Would you recommend this book? If so, to whom and why? If not, why not? I would highly recommend this book, as well as those that followed in the series. This book is good for adolescents who have reached that awkward stage in life where then need to fit in or are questioning the power that love can have on us as a society. This story shows us that not only love, bu t hope as well can overcome any darkness so long as we believe. Would you like to read other books by this author? Why or why not? I have read many other books by this author as she is one of my favorite writers next to Isaac Asimov. Her stories are always ones that make us think, not just of ourselves as individuals, but many times as a society as a whole. The stories challenge our views, and show us how our witness individuality can be one of the greatest gifts we have as human beings. How does this book demonstrate characteristics of fiber literature?This book shows characteristics of good literature in the way it approaches the development of its characters most of all. It keeps them believable, and allows just about anyone who is reading to connect with at least one of the characters, and in doing this allows them to step into the story as that character and experience firsthand the lesson that she is conveying to her readers. Each of the characters has their flaws as well as their strengths, and they learn that only by working together are they able to overcome the evil and restore themselves. Additional notes/comments/criticismsLEngle has said that One cannot discuss structure in writing without discussing structure in all life it is impossible to talk about why anybody writes a book or paints a picture or composes a symphony without talking about the nature of the universe. This perspective is what makes her one of my favorite authors as she is able to discuss this structure of life without compromising he own morals or beliefs.TitleThe Giving TreeAuthor Shel SilversteinIllustratorShel SilversteinPublisher Harper & RowDate of Publication 1964GenrePicture BookShort SynopsisThe Giving Tree follows a friendship between a growing boy and a favorite tree. In the beginning of the story the tree is full grown and healthy and the boy is very young. The tree provides the child with apples, shade, and branches to swing and hang on. As the boy gets older he ask s more of the tree and the tree never turns him down. The boy uses the tree to first build his house, and then as he becomes a mature man cuts the tree down in order to make a boat. Through all of this the tree does not protest and offers itself to the boy. Many years later, the boy returns as an old man to thetree, which has cryptograph left but a stump. The man requests that he be allowed to sit and rest on the trees stump while he waits for his death. The tree again merrily gives him what is requested.Personal Response Did this book resonate with you? If so, in what ways? If not, why not? This was my favorite book as a child and I enjoyed reading this book as an adult. This book through its wonderful illustrations and well structured story telling shows us an example of unconditional love. Would you recommend this book? If so, to whom and why? If not, why not? I would highly recommend this book to preschool and early education teachers who are looking for an entertaining story that can be use to teach the value of giving, and the joys that can be had from something as simple as giving without expectation of reward. Would you like to read other books by this author? Why or why not? Yes. The author/illustrator did a wonderful job of keeping the story moving, and allowing the pictures to accent and help move the story along, while continuing to holding the interest of the reader. The simple line drawings invoked a very strong feeling of love in the way the tree is shows as it many times almost embraces the boy as he grows. How does this book demonstrate characteristics of quality literature? This book shows a good balance between the illustrations and the writing, allowing each to accent the other as the story moves. The story is one that younger children can relate to as they watch the boy grow from a boy to a senior citizen. This progression as he ages and the tree continually gives its life to help him succeed models itself from how a parent does all they can to nurture and help their child to succeed, many times to the exclusion of their own well being. Additional notes/comments/criticismsEven with its age this story transcends time as it looks at the universal sense of love, and what we will do for it. There is much debate, however, over its interpretation. Some view the boy as selfish as he uses the tree to its death, while others such as I see it as the relationship of a parent to their child, where both the tree and the childs actions are reasonable.TitleThe whitened DayAuthor Ezra Jack KeatsIllustratorEzra Jack KeatsPublisher Viking PressDate of Publication 1962GenrePicture BookShort SynopsisThe story is of shit, a young boy living in an apartment in the city, and his adventures as he reacts to a day after a big snow storm. Peter wakes and gets dressed and then goes out and crunches the snow with his feet, makes footprints and tracks through the snow, and drags a stick in snow. Peter is disappointed when the big boys dont in clude him in their snowball fight, so he builds a snowman, makes snow angels, and slides down a snow mountain. Peter ends his full day of snow renovate by victorious a warm bath and sharing his adventures with his mother before going to bed. The story ends with his joy of waking to even more snow the next day.Personal Response Did this book resonate with you? If so, in what ways? If not, why not? This book was an enjoyable read as we were able to sense and feel the concern and wonder of Peter as he explored the Snowy Day, and discovered all of the fun than can be had in the snow. The book covers everything from properly dressing for play in the snow to appropriate games that can be played. The wonderful illustrations in the book not only were an accent to the story, but the words within the story actually would not have any meaning. The story is told as much through the independence of the illustrations and thewords as many times one is employ to explain the actions of the other rather than just giving a physical representation of the action within the words as many picture books do. Would you recommend this book? If so, to whom and why? If not, why not? I would highly recommend this book to preschool and early education teachers who are looking for an entertaining story that can be used to teach students the wonders of exploration. From the first scenes of Peter waking up, right to the final scenes, the book is about the wonders that are out there if we are not afraid to move beyond that we are comfortable with and explore. Would you like to read other books by this author? Why or why not? Yes. The author/illustrator did a wonderful job of creating a character in Peter who we all can associate with. He takes great care in create the character and in subsequent books continues the story of Peter as he continues to grow and mature. I feel these appendageal books would be a wonderful addition to any teachers collection. How does this book demonstrate chara cteristics of quality literature? This book shows an amazing balance between the illustrations and the writing, allowing each to not just accent but to carry the other as the story moves. The story is one that younger children can relate to as they watch Peter explore and discover new things in the world around him. The book never loses focus on its purpose which is to allow us to not just read about Peters exploration, but to share in it with him. Additional notes/comments/criticismsThis book also features the first African American main character to be visualized in a childrens picture book. This ground-breaking book was followed by several others written by Keats, including A Whistle for Willie, Peters Chair, A letter to Amy, and Goggles. Each of these books continues to follow Peter as he grows from this shy child into a well adjusted teen.

Elements of Fiction in Dandelion Wine

Easily mistaken Imagine, a defeater is on the loose in your own township and he is receiven for murdering upstart woman in the ravine that splits the town in half. You and your friends decide to go see a movie and you know that by the time that you make taboo out it will be dark and youll pose to walk tear the ravine to your ho habit all alone, which earlier that day your own friend was found dead in, what do you do? This is the decision Lavinia Nebbs is faced with in the book Dandelion Wine by Ray Bradbury.Many elements in the narration create lots of suspense three would be conniption, foreshadowing and characterization. The setting played a extensive role in the success of the suspense in the story. Since the ravine where the bodies were found split the town, Lavinia was forced to cross it to get phratry since she decided to not stay with her friends and her arctic was questioned. The ravine was deep black and black black And the arena was gone behind, the world of s afe people in bed, the locked doors, the town, the drugstore, the theater, the lights, everything was gone (73).The words use to describe this dark, lonesome ravine makes the reader feel as if they were right there standing with Lavinia seeing, hearing and feeling everything thats dismissal on, along with whats in her head. Its scary to think of being alone with not a soul in sight and knowing that theres possibly a killer out there just waiting. Lavinia Nebb walked alone down the midnight street, down the late summer silence. She saw houses with dark windows and out-of-the-way(prenominal) away heard a dog barking (72).This is also a good example of the description of the setting because the reader can tell how alone she really was do to no one else in town indispensablenessing to go out at night with the nonsocial iodin roaming around. It sounds almost like Lavinia is in a deserted town with just her and the ravine. The way Bradbury incorporated nature into the setting also gave it a petty(a) more of a spooky feel. The crickets were listening. The night was listening to her. For a change all of the off the beaten track(predicate) summer-night meadows and close summer trees were suspending motion (75). This use of personification creates a feeling of uncertainty for the reader.The way that he gives the plants and animals human like qualities and says they are listening to her makes the night sound up to now more gloomy and eerie. The use of foreshadowing also helped to create suspense in the story. At the beginning of the story when the neighbors said wint catch us out on no night like this, not with the Lonely One strangling women. Lock ourselves up in our closets with a gun (64). It gives the reader a little bit of an idea of what might come up in the story, even so though the Lonely One only usually strikes once a month and their friend Elizabeth was already found that day.Also knowing that Lavinia will be paseo home alone, it causes the reader to worry if shell make it home alive or not. then when they were all at the theater and the manager asks them to leave as soon as the movie was all over sounded a little suspicious as well. The patrol have asked us to close early this night so everyone can be out at a decent hour (69). This shows that even the police know that anything is possible with a murderer and they dont just have a limited time that they can or cant commit a murder so they want everyone in town to be safe. Yet even this doesnt stop Lavinia from wanting to walk home alone.The ladies didnt listen to the manager either, instead of going straight home they stopped by the drug store on the way. Man sitting at the counter watched you walk out. Said to me Whos that? wherefore thats Lavinia Nebbs, prettiest maiden lady in town, I said (69). The store manager also told Lavinia and her friends that the funny asked where she lived and he told him where. Its assumable that this stranger could quite possibly be th e Lonely One and even with that sight in mind Lavinia still decides shell be okay walking alone with full knowledge that a stranger, possibly a killer, knows where shell be.The last element that created suspense in the story was characterization. The main character Lavinia was represent as a fearless, risk taker, whos overly confident and has no common sense. She felt also safe in a town with a murderer running around and her careless actions could have cost her life. Its early. Lonely One wont be out til late. (65). This is a bring up from Lavinia herself, which alone proves her stupidity. A murderer doesnt just have a certain time that they insure to see and make sure its not too late or early, if they want to kill someone theyll do it no matter the time.It wasnt smart of her to just assume that he wouldnt be out early, especially if it was still dark even though it wasnt that late in the day. Lonely One wont kill three ladies, said Lavinia, Theres safety in numbers (68). Sh e uses the saying theres safety in numbers when she knows eventually she would be walking alone, therefore she completely contradicts herself. Just to be walking down a ravine alone at night takes no common sense let alone doing it when your own friend just got bump off there and a stranger asked who you are and where you live.She also puts on a fearless act when shes around her friends but when it came down to her being alone and scared her thoughts ate away at her. Oh drivel the police, laughed Lavinia, Im not afraid of anything (70). She says that she isnt afraid but the second shes walking alone down the ravine she catches herself almost running down the steps and swears that she hears someone following her. She then even starts praying to God, and panicking, saying that shell never do that again if he just lets her live. Yet when she was with her friends it was as if there was nothing wrong at all.The fact that the story takes place in a town split by a ravine, the hints tha t the author gives, and how the main character Lavinia changes her attitude completely throughout the story created suspense in Dandelion Wine. The ravine was scary because it was so dark, long and empty, also the murders had been committed in it. The foreshadowing the author used put different thoughts in the readers mind of who could be the killer and if Lavinia was going to be the next victim. Also, the decisions she made by not staying with her friends and walking home alone made you wonder if she would even make it there..

Feminist Interpretation of Hemingway’s Story

Portfolio Popovics Anamaria, An II, Romn?-Englez?L121A feminist interpretation of Hemingways Hills equal White Elephants Hemingways works stool largely covered the subject of feminism, and his short bill Hills like albumen elephants perfectly portrays a wo composition who breaks the norms of a society dominated by men and masculinity. As we every know, feminism is a social movement , an ideology which focuses on achieving rights for women . Women should be equal to men in each and every way.In Hemingways short story we have two important characters The Ameri groundwork and The young woman. It should be noted that we roll in the hay acknowledge only from the nicknames the author gives us that The American seems to be superior from a plain old Girl .Is the girl American too ? Is she of another nationality? We bent told this , but this makes us oddment just how important women were in the twentieth century , how much they depended on men , how they didnt matter in society , ho w their obtainings or opinions were pretty much non existent. This simple question gives a major clue on who is superior and who is subordinate in the couples family. Even from the beginning , when the Girl asks her partner about what they should drink , we can pretty much significantise just how much she cares for her confreres opinions and thoughts. It may seem just as a simple question , but if we analyze the whole text we surely get to the conclusion that the Girl rattling has surpressed feelings, frustrations , her own thoughts only get voice at the end of the short story , when she ultimately sees just how her relationship really is.The girl is clearly submissive to her dominating boyfriend, and she wants to do the things that enthral him. She is inferior in this case as she doesnt know the Spanish language, she cant order by herself, she depends on her boyfriend. I hypothesize that there are many famales who depend on their partner, but that it is much better to be an main(a) woman. Women shouldnt feel inferior to men, they should consider themselves as mens equals. The woman is clearly used to pleasing her boyfriend and doing whatever he wants.Although Hills Like White Elephants is primarily a conversation between the American man and his young lady, neither of the speakers truly communicates with the other, highlighting the rift between the two. Both chat, but neither listens or understands the others pip of view. Frustrated and placating, the American man will say almost anything to convince his girlfriend to have the operation, which, although neer menti peerlessd by name, is understood to be an abortion.(Source SparkNotes Editors. SparkNote on Hills Like White Elephants. SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2007. Web. 19 May 2017.)The American mans girlfriend is a girl who doesnt speak up when talking about the abortion. It is clear that she doesnt want to have it, and tear down though she doesnt argue with her boyfriend their conversa tion is really tensionate. She is the typical american girl in the 20th century, a girl that would to anything for the man she loves, not caring about the consequences. I would now like to talk about Jigs (the nickname the Girl is given by her boyfriend, we dont know her actual name) feminist journey thourought the really short story. At the beginning , she really seems to be willing to do anything she can to save her relationship , even have an operation , an abortion .I truly believe she wakes up at one point in the conversation and realises there is nothing to save , that an abortion cant fix whats already change in the relationship . The American is clearly oblivious to his girlfriends or, better said, the mother of his unborn childs needs and sure wishes, and he really pressures her to do something that mainly affects her, she should be the one taking the decision about having a child or not , not anyone else. One summon of the text regarding the feiminist awakening in the G irls spirit is particularly important and worth mentioning Then Ill do it, I dont care about me.(Source Hills like washrag elephants, by Ernest Hemingway from Charters, Ann, Ed. The Story and its Writer An Introduction to Short Fiction. 6th Ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2003).This quote is especially pertinent from a feminist point of view. Even though, at first, I actually thought that the woman wants to please her boyfriend and do as he wants her to do, I judge that this is the moment she actually realises that everything shes done so far was only for him, she was careless when it came to her needs, her wishes and she is now actually waking up. She seems to realise just how much her prevailing boyfriend is asking of her and she seems to have had enough.If we think about reporting this quote to real life we may say that women, even today, care about their partners feeling more than they care about their own person. In todays relationships men try to dominate women and try to have the upper hand, and women are unfortunately are unremarkably inferior to their partner and get to a point where they feel helpless, with low self-esteem and un intellectual. Another quote that gives a glimpse of the Girls realization that she does in fact want to bind the baby and doesnt want to have any operation at all is But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like unclouded elephants, and youll like it? (Source Hills like white elephants, by Ernest Hemingway from Charters, Ann, Ed. The Story and its Writer An Introduction to Short Fiction. 6th Ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2003)By this point, midway through and through the story, the girl has already retracted her previous comment that the surrounding hills look like white elephants, hinting that she wants to keep the baby instead of having an abortion. The man had been upset at this, feigning indifference but pushing for the abortion because he doesnt want the child. Still hoping to save th eir broken relationship, the girl asks her boyfriend whether things between them will refurbishment to the way they used to be if she goes through with the abortion. Her indecision and desire to placate the man demonstrate her dependence on him. At the same time, however, the mere fact that she asks the question may imply that she believes that nothing can save their relationship. (Source SparkNotes Editors. SparkNote on Hills Like White Elephants. SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2007. Web. 19 May 2017)This quote unveils, once again, Jigs awakening. She subtly hints at the fact that she doesnt want to have the operation, but wants the relationship between her and the American to be a happy and successfull one, as it once was. She asks this question knowing that things may never be as they once were, she slow realizes that the relationship has reached its finish, and that no operation can fix what made the couple grow apart. I feel like the Girls feelings are finally surfacing, an d that the American is at this point as clueless as he can be. The not so long conversation between the two is a real play changer for the relationship. The two arent arguing or shouting, but the dialogue is really tensionate, it truly shows that there are a lot of things on the deeper level.The Girl is no longer just a plain girl, she has a voice, she has feelings and she is not afraid to speak up anymore, even though the one she is talking to doesnt understand much at all. In the end, I am completely sure that she is coming out of her submissive girfriend scale of measurement and that she realizes she can be an independent woman, taking care of a child without the help of its father. Hemingway doesnt actually tells us if the woman decides to have the abortion or not, but from all the subltle hints in the Girls dialogue I think it is safe to assume that she is keeping the baby and getting out of the toxic relationship with her overly dominant boyfriend. To conclude my essay, I wo uld like to state the fact that this short story is truly a story of a woman who has her feminist awakening, a woman who gets out of the cage shes been kept in by her dominant partner, a woman who finally speaks up her mind. Hemingway ingeniously brings to life an independent, strong woman, and a real life situation common to our days.

Belonging Essay Body, Feliks Skrzynecki

Feliks Skrzynecki be presupposes inclusion and an acceptance of self, satisfying a desire to be something larger than ourselves. The subjective nature of belonging, however, suggest it is often far more ambiguous and complex. Belonging as a potentially unconditional force is recognised in the poets representation of his produces connection to his Polis past.The metaphor where his father kept pace only with the Joneses of his minds making, coupled with the simile, love his garden like an only child, captures his fathers immersion in Polish assimilation and his indifference OR more likely his fathers pretermit to the world around, suggestive of a deep affectional attachment to his garden, which serves as a nexus of his agrarian heritage and ataration or stoic indifference to mod cultures.This sense of contentment finds resolution in the tranquillity that shapes his fathers connection to his past, evident in the gentle wind and lyrical emotive enjambment where the poet describes his father as he sits out the evening with his dog beaming as I have never been, suggesting that a profound sense of belonging contributes to a positive sense personal identity. Paradoxically, however, Feliks immersion into his Polish heritage inhibits his capacity to assimilate and contributes to an emotional and psychological rift between father and son. Did your father ever attempt to learn English? , this separation is fortify through the use of direct, rhetorical question that is seemingly a personal attack, combined with the metaphor dancing-bear grunts describing the earth who opened the personal onslaught on feliks, indicative of a lack of empathy, as salutary as, enmity between Feliks and his immediate culture, suggesting that belonging contributes to a negative sense of personal identity. Pegging my tents further and further second of Hadrians wall, this infused combination of metaphor and historical allusion, evokes a sense that his inability to comprehend, as well as, his reluctance to assimilate, recognising the inevitable and inexorable process of separation that invariably accompanies belonging in the vacant quad between two cultures.

The Indian Community

There are assorted communities around the cosmos serving different purposes. A friendship tends to affect anyones life one way or the other by interacting with every individual. Community describes a group of people who have something in common, even though every human is unique. By belonging to the Indian community, I have interacted more with its cultural community, mixer community, and school community. People all over India belongs to a variety of different communities depending upon their geographic location, values and beliefs, complaisant and recreational interests, history, culture, and language, education and skills, family and race.Apart from the existence of different communities Cultural, Language, Social, and School communities are highly eminent in the Indian community. Culture is an definitive part of the Indian community. Indian culture has taught me some(prenominal) different things such(prenominal) as how to behave in front of others, how to respect others, how to perform my duties in order, and m both other probative guidelines. My culture includes various religious activities such as performing Pooja, a Hindoo religion ritual, when person bought a new foretoken or for the well being of their family.My sister is also involved in many religious performances like Garba, which is a dance activity done to worship a Hindu goddess Amba. Dance is considered to be a form of art and is of great significance for my family. Certainly, there are several religious festivals in my culture among which the famous one is Diwali, the festival of lights, which is celebrated in honor of professional Rama on his return to home from exile after fourteen years in jungle.As a child I was always exited to light the firecrackers and eat lots of sweets during the festival of Diwali. Language is also an important constituent of Indian culture since people in Indian community speak several different languages. Hindi, the national language of India, and En glish are used as the buffer languages by the people of Indian community since they primarily speak their own state languages. My primary language is my state language, Gujarati, then tot up Hindi, English, Sanskrit, and Spanish, which I learned after coming to linked States.In my culture, elders are given the priority of qualification the decisions in the family and to guide others from their experiences how to make judgments during critical situations. A strong bond of unity prevails in the family, which helps to partake in joy and sorrow of everyone in the family. Another important aspect of the Indian community is Society. Social community greatly interacts with me in the terms of my relationship towards my relatives, cousins, neighbors, friends, and many others with whom I deal with on a unremarkable basis.Everyone older than me has to be called with a respectful name or a subtitle. I have to go with my family on social visits to my relatives house on our religious occasio ns and ceremonies like wedding, birthdays, etc. When we visit someones house during a New Year day or some special occasions we give them a gift, a box of sweets or usually its money that we offer. There are usually frequent visits from my cousins and friends during the summertime time so that we can enjoy our vacation together.For instance, we all would play Cricket in the circulate fields of the farm in my village and climb up the mango trees to get some altogether mangoes. My neighbors around us are very helpful and caring people. A major part in my life and the Indian community is the School community. School community greatly emphasizes on the educational programs than any other programs like athletic, different kinds of clubs, etc. Education is considered as a prestige of the family in the Indian community and highly signifies the family status.My school life in India was the true experience of discipline, manner, and respect for others. Indian schools are strict about the ed ucation and so every school enforce rules and regulations of their own. Schools have their own uniforms and guidelines, which every student like me should follow and obey them. My exams were much harder back in my country, India, than they are in United States, in the terms that there were not multiple choice questions, there were mostly essay questions, and in addition to that sometimes we have two final exams in one day.My school life in India is by far the best part of my life that I have ever enjoyed. Thus, Cultural, Language, Social, and School communities in the Indian community are the important aspects of Indian life. The complex nature of these various sub-communities in the Indian community has made them so important that each one can be explored more extensively. As each of these communities is not static, but rather changeable and interdependent on each other. Further more, in-depth abbreviation of these sub-communities would describe the Indian community as a whole.

Teaching Students with Diverse Abilities

T severallying savants whose first base language is not slope is often a challenging task. This essay will strain on a few utile teaching and check overing strategies for teaching business studies to second-language learners (ESL learners) in the context of the mainstream classroom.Studies reveal that the negative effects of unlawful beliefs virtually learning are signifi dealt (Sawir 2005). However, it has overly been suggested that it is possible to intervene in relation to beliefs about learning (Sawir 2005). Hence a clear understanding of belief issues is of paramount importance for teachers. Care should be taken to give speaking and listening skills the appropriate status and these should be backed by plenary practical programs (Sawir 2005). Having oral presentations and listening tasks as part of the business studies assessment program can attention develop these skills.Krashen and Terrel (1983) suggest using language to transmit messages rather than teaching it exp licitly for conscious learning. They hold the expression the natural approach and claim it is based on the theory that language acquisition occurs when students consume clear instruction manual in acquiring language attainment (Webster and Hasari 2009). Therefore, the business studies teacher can acquaint new words and concepts within the subject content thereby improving student vocabulary.Four headstone strategies were considered by the majority of teachers in a study by Facella et al. (2005) as being sound in teaching second-language learners. These complicated gestures and visual cues repetition and opportunities for practicing skills intake of objects, true(a) props and hands on materials and multi-sensory approaches. Thus, plentiful students real life business case studies to discuss and evaluate is an effective strategy. Taking students out to real businesses and letting them see first-hand how a business operates can also be useful.Rice et al. (2004) argue that the use of visuals and demonstrations are often the primary source of information for ESL learners and suggests the use of out count-based objectives against which students can assess their own progress. They also advocate the modulation of lesson objectives to each students level of language acquisition. The belief is that repeating demonstrations and instructions facilitate student learning. Hence, teachers should endeavour to demonstrate procedures, provide illustrations and diagrams before students commence research projects, as conflicting to providing students with only written instructions. In addition, when forming groups, members should ideally be bilingual, strong in commerce and business studies and be willing to work with limited-English proficient students (Sutman et al. 1993).Sheltered instruction is another effective strategy for teaching second-language students. It refers to a research-based instructional framework that provides clear and accessible content and academi c language to ESL learners (Hansen-Thomas 2008). Features of sheltered instruction include use of cooperative learning activities with appropriately designed heterogeneous grouping of students, a focus on academic language as well as light upon content vocabulary, careful use of the students first language as a tool to provide comprehensibility, use of hands-on activities using authentic materials, demonstrations, and mannequin and explicit teaching and implementation of learning strategies (Hansen-Thomas 2008). Sheltered classes can be team-taught by an ESL teacher and a content-area teacher or taught by a content-area specialist trained in sheltered instruction.ESL mentoring is another effective strategy to help teachers of second-language students. It is a means of fostering stronger connections among the teaching staff, leading to a more optimistic and cohesive learning environment for students (Brewster and Railsback 2001). One of the goals of the ESL mentor is to attention the teacher in learning how the coach identifies ESL students. Furthermore, a teacher needs to know some basic background information such as where the student is from, how long the student has been in the country and the students stage of language organic evolution. The guidance of an ESL mentor can help a teacher understand his/her ESL students quickly and prevent possible problems later in the year (Mittica 2003). The ESL mentor can also provide training on accommodations and alternate forms of assessment.The ESL mentor can assist the teacher to set achievable goals for ESL students at the beginning of the semester. In teaching ESL students, success is not evermore measured on a report card. Therefore, teachers return to be guided to observe his/her ESL students closely by focusing on issues such as the progress demonstrated by the student over meter and by observing to see if the student is more comfortable participating in class and ask questions (Mittica 2003). Above a ll, ESL mentors can provide a vision of students as capable individuals for whom limited English proficiency does not signify a lack of academic skills and does not represent an incurable situation (Walqui, 1999 in Mittica, 2003). ESL mentors can guide mainstream teachers in discovering his/her students strengths and to celebrate multicultural upbringing (Mittica 2003). By fully involving mainstream classroom teachers in the education of ESL students, these students will be more likely to achieve success and adjust to their lives in a new country (Mittica 2003).(ii)Teachers need to work in alliance with parents and the wider conjunction to help educate students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. This essay will discuss some strategies for developing such partnerships.Several researchers have documented the challenges associated with develop, family, and community partnerships. Rubin and Abrego (2004) suggests that parents are not pertain with their childrens learning because of cultural and communion barriers, confusion with education jargon, feelings of inferiority, inhibition, inadequacy, or failure, lack of understanding of the school system, staffs lack of appreciation of the students culture or language and parents preceding negative experiences or feelings toward schools. Other researchers who examined the success factors in school-parents-community kinship found an open and trusting conversation between teachers and parents as critical (Obeidat and Al-Hassan 2009).Parents and schools should communicate regularly and clearly about information important to student success (NCPIE). This can be accomplished through newsletters, handbooks, parent-teacher conferences, open houses, as well as crustal plate visits, and email. Translations should be made available, if needed, to ensure non-English speaking parents are fully informed. Researchers believe that personal contact whether by telephone or in person is usually the best way to promote two-way communication (NCPIE).Schools can also form partnerships with community and faith-based organizations to engage families from diverse cultural backgrounds who often do not feel comfortable in school (NCPIE). Conferences, meetings and informal get-togethers can take place outside the school building, such as at a faith-based or community center. Once again Interpreters should be provided as needed.Attitude is another potential success factor for developing partnerships with parents. A survey of more than cd parents of high school students in the USA revealed that their attitudes toward their childrens schools were positively influenced by the efforts the school made to promote partnerships with them (Obeidat & Al-Hassan 2009). Parents are more likely to come to the school if school personnel encourage them to be volunteers and act in decision making (Sanders et al. 1999). School factors, specifically those that are relational in nature, have a world-shaking impa ct on parents involvement. When school staff engage in a caring and trusting relationship with parents and view parents as partners in the education of their children it enhance parents desire to be involved and influence how they participate in their childrens educational development.Schools should create an environment that welcomes participation (NCPIE). Signs that greet families warmly at the school door, the key office, and the classroom should be in the languages spoken by the community. A school-based family resource center providing information, links to companionable service of processs, and opportunities for informal meetings with staff and other families also contributes to a family-friendly atmosphere (NCPIE).Schools should also provide professional development opportunities for teachers and other staff in the cultural and community values and practices that are common to their students and their families (NCPIE). Strengthening the school-family partnership with profe ssional development for all school staff as well as parents and other family members is an internal investment that can help foster lasting partnerships with parents and the community at large (NCPIE).In their 1997 study, Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler identify two key factors influencing parental involvement. They were an inviting climate at school, which refers to the frequency that schools actually invite parents to be involved in their childrens schools and parents perceptions of being welcome at school. Epstein (1995) identify six general types of activities that can help parents, schools, and communities come together to support childrens education parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, and collaborating with the community. Epstein (1995) says that partnership programs should draw on each of these elements and that programs should take into account the unique character of the local community and the needs of its students and families.Martin et al. (1999) in their studies identified key characteristics of effective partnerships between schools, parents and the community these included inclusiveness, recognizing social as well as academic goals, acme expectations through education achievement, involving local people in decision-making and democratic participation and active citizenship. Hence, schools need to focus on developing these areas to grow positive relationships.The use of service learning can be a useful strategy for this purpose. Serve learning is more than just community service. It involves a blending of service activities with the academic curriculum in order to address real community needs while students learn through active engagement (Lynass 2005). The service needs to be closely linked to the curriculum as possible with an emphasis on students applying the skills they are learning (Lynass 2005). Service learning will benefit students, teachers and the community concurrently. It allows teachers and student s to connect with and benefit their surrounding communities while integrating this learning back into their curriculum (Lynass 2005).In conclusion, it is infixed for schools to develop strong relationships with parents and the community to successfully educate students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. This essay has identified a few strategies to develop such partnerships.