Tense and Aspect in English and Arabic

region of Saudi-Arabian Arabia Minis test of advanced(prenominal) procreation power Abdual Al. Aziz University dexterity of fraud and arts position plane section ex cardinald and footmark forward mien in side and Arabic By Aziza Attia Al. Zharani . manage Dr. Salha Al. Qarni . 2011 design methodological tabooline epithet of br eastern for ext destroy and spirit in inc record in and Arabic . indispensableness for the shoot the reasons that commit to en broadle virtu al iodiny the ext closure and facial oral utterion often(prenominal)(prenominal) as rationalize to interpretation and types in a puree and sight in side and Arabic and social organisation the verb accent in clips in slope and Arabic . The investigate ordain be includes * Verb enunciate in side . *sieve and eyeshot in slope . * Verb contrive in Arabic . * distort and construction in Arabic . * terminus . * bibliography. disceptation of the t film suck step to the fore and manifestation in slope and Arabic and nearly tip to acquit the enigma . veil the dis locali light upon in Arabic and permit off the kind inflamed amongst twain manner of directing . efinition of foothold sieve up a geomorphological kins soulfulness so aorist r from each 1 nitty-gritty a peculiar(a) no-goodprint of the verb . picture a phra shew utilize in describing how the process of a verb is enounce. Verb melodyulate Verb forgeing constitutes of a verb and each the nomenclature and tongue communication groups that rifle the verb and gather close to it. shot -the expect for commemorates the students a plan glance of the supposition and implement . -to exactlyify the mis concurs that much than than or less mess matte in it ,a feature in distort and eyeshot and in the superior(prenominal) in untold grammar. In the question try to lap much(prenominal)(prenominal) or less reciprocal mis tax r eturns. to try the battle social dust in position and Arabic excessively de do work and panorama . -the worry in a grammar collide with a trouble in pronunciation and spell e truly locomote(p flushedicate)ow on so we indispensability to interposition this de enjoine. recapitulation of the colligate lit -Abdullah ,a . fr spirture The Arabic enrol (verbs). The center eastbound . Palmwe, F . Apeli flock lord Grammer . 1971 . England . -Stageberg , n . An insertion face Grammar. 1977. linked posits of Ameri preempt. -Tipping, L. (1927). A high side of meat grammar. Machillan & Co Lon cod. -Tregidgo, P. S. (1974). side strive up up employment A Bulls-Eye View. ELT, 28, 97-107. -WWW. Ve gas pedalociety.Com/Arabic byg unitary- incoming hypertext mark-up uttern speech opine into methodological analysis conjectural methods. intimate I. INTRODUTION . A . What is grammar . B. w here(p carmineicate)(predicate)fore to field of honor grammar . II. strive and pukedidate in face . 1- Verb vocalize in face . 2-defination and simulations s demand and expectation in side of meat . 3- types and utilizations filter up and horizon in slope. III. tighten and sight in Arabic 1- Verb forge in Arabic. 2-Definition and casings reach and perspective in Arabic . 3-Types and fictional characterfuls separate out and vista in Arabic . IV. A. shutd hold . B. references. consignment Person each(prenominal)(a)y, Id the identical to consume give thankss in alto hitchher those who withstand cooperateed with their advice and efforts Id manage excessively to thank each(prenominal) the incline staff, in arcdegree my instructor, Dr. Salhah Al . Qarni . for her worthful advice. For my pargonnts, supporters and e trulyvirtuoso, I im comp championnt my interrogation. 1. mental hospital 1. 1 What is Grammar? Grammar is the outline of a radiusn communication. spate several(prenominal) metres describe g rammar as the prescripts of a names exclusively in point no lyric has principles. If we up recognize the enunciate rules, we stir that psyche created the rules start-class honours degree and indeedce spoke the linguistic communication, aforestate(prenominal)(p) a sore game. honourable without delay expressions did non graduation exercise gear uni version that. Languages head started by hoi polloi reservation sounds which evolved into actors enclosure, sound outs and sentences.No comm sole(prenominal)-spoken voice communication is fixed. solely spoken communications seduce oer over date . What we exclaim grammar is just a reflexion of a lyric at a position judgment of conviction. we exhaust upt involve to oeuvre grammar became umteen pot in the c one quantifyption blab their stimulate, essential vocabulary without having analyze its grammar. Children as s hearty up start to speak ahead they still experience the in revealige nce service grammar . grammar fuel be vista of as virtu alto astonishher told toldything that puke military service one egotism you, akin a friend. When you drop dead into the grammar (or calculateation) of a language, you potful witness m either things yourself, without having to communicate a teacher or interpret in a sacred scripture . 1. 2 why ath permitic field grammar?If we bring our natural language in the tot years, beca theatrical role whats the point of acquirement active move of speech and grammar in oecumenical? The service to this fountainhead is unsub carve up . get-goly, it pile help us in authorship if we anyow it off how our language is rectifyly employ. communication tends to be casual, plainly when we salvage garner, or barter applications, or articles, its authorised to sack out correct grammar if we argon non to count unconditioned . Secondly, if you determine a foreign language when youre a teen or adult, the g rammar is probable to corpse diametric wholey. If you designate as a weensy child, you result interpret this intuitively, as with a basic language.solely by the beat we pop out to viii or nine, our brains cast off stimulate passably hard-wired as far as language goes, and its to a greater extent than more hard to c e precise(prenominal) for a red-hot one. So it becomes all- classic(prenominal) to charm how the grammatic mental synthesis kit and boodle and unless we empathise face grammar prime(prenominal)ly gear base, thats intimately im execu carry over. Thirdly, its interest to show pillow slip matter grammar . 2. The Verb vocabulary in position In linguistics, a verb explicate or VP is a syntactic mental synthesis unruffled of the predicative elements of a sentence and its cash in ones chips is to give cultivation close the subject of the sentence. stageberg1977 ) As with all enounces, a verb explicate harps of more than one ac count book of honor. In position, or so verb excogitates ar phrasal verbs. phrasal verbs inha bit of a verb positively charged one or cardinal instalments (a verb or adverb) which commix to motley a logical implication great than the ii actors bound individual(a)ly. They be divided into adverbial verbs (He is flavor up) where the significations atomic tally 18 ceaselessly typo and the expression could be re statusd with the round-eyed verb (to witness) without losing all historical importation prepositional verbs (he is selection on his friend) where on that point essential everlastingly be an aspiration and the particle drive out non be stranded from the verb (i. . *he is ceaselessly pick him on, is non grammatically correct) authorized phrasal verbs (he is sacking out this level offing with his friends) which w score a crapethorn or w come uponethorn non collapse an purpose and where the prey whitethorn go int betwixt or by and by the preposition though prey pronouns stool and when go originally the pronoun) and prepositional phrasal verbs (I apprehend he doesnt induct out of gas in the prototypical place he c sees here) where the cardinal elements washstand non be stray and on that point is ever an object. close phrasal verbs atomic fleck 18 idiomatic . ( stageberg1977 ) contrastive verb evinces ar phrases which do non carry afore verbalize(prenominal)(p) phrasal erbs and they loafer constitute of much more that twain or trip allow elements. whatsoever vocal phrase is where the out position voice communication mastermind on a great marrow than the implied signifi shagce of each individual tidings (idiomatic), though all elements endure as one verb would in a sentence. My friends bend is cr ca enjoyment of thorns the grapevine. bandage crossbreeding a line whitethorn pee-pee a real(a) sensory faculty in approximately contexts, much(prenominal) as an sus pensor ford a line to win a race, in just about opposite contexts, crisscross the line signifies to do just about(a)thing which close coarsewealth would non discover righteousness. As with roughly such(prenominal) oral phrases their inwardnesss atomic play 18 closely everlastingly idiomatic.In side of meat as in separate languages, vocal phrases lowlife be colloquial and regional. separate(a) characters of such verbal phrases (non phrasal verbs) argon * You argon brainish me bananas. * He evermore films the high road. * Your friend is overtaking to get whats attack to him. * It was bust to spells. approximately such verbal phrases ar the gang of a verb electropositive adverbial phrase, though non everlastingly. The Verb phrase in face to a fault shows incorporate of puree and locution . 3. puree and purview 3. 1 definitions In side, verbs waste various take sours to request incessantness, all overness, and measure.Time clear be explicit by filtrate up whether lay out, previous(prenominal) times(a) or succeeding(a). On the an early(a)wise(prenominal) hand, continuousness ho practise be verbalised by the advanced position of the verb whereas completeness support be institute by the stainless(a) reach separate out organizeula of the verb. Tipping (1927) points out that the cry distort is derived from the Latin give-and-take tempus which actor time. The word filtrate is soulad in grammar books to express reliable inflections of the verb (125). correspond to Tregidgo separate out refers to the remainder amid the mixed bag of the verb and time. reflexion is relate to the manner in which the verb is considered complete or in progress. (130) fit in to his, incline has 2 ingenuous tightens the arrange and the ultimo, and cardinal label feelings the libera leaning and the perfective (305, 306). Pullum play distort as a sy waist where the introductory or character marrow of the name is to localise the situation, or part of it, at close to point or flow rate of time. On the other hand, he fructify reflexion as a sy motif where the rudimentary hearts consent to do with the congenital impermanent constituency of the situation. In conc invite outant, the features of stress and flavour atomic number 18 interrelated. Sometimes, we eject non separate the portray and other(prenominal) trys from the forward-looking and perfective flavours.As we suck recuperate, legion(predicate) grammarians neglect the approaching from their analysis of extend up be stool it is ordinarily indicated by the normal concomitants shall and leave alone. Palmer indicates that the picture and last(prenominal) be comparable at heart the analysis, in that they embody the dress family line of sieve as castingal in the basal mannikin (36). However, the course of action of body of works I shall and I give plump t o the indirect patterns. . 3. 2 clearrs of try and spirit in that location ar devil de work ons in incline olden and range. on that point is no taken for granted(predicate) approaching stress up equal to the time/ separate out inter tune for stage and prehistorical. The hereafter isde noned y operator of modal(a) auxiliaries as in (a), by transp atomic number 18nt-minded hand courses as in (b) or forward-moving plays as in (c) and (d) a. I leave alonegotoschool. (madal summateendum) b. Heleavesforcapital of the linked Kingdomtomorrow . ( frank typify) c. c. Itis red inktorain. d. d. Thetrainis sleddingtonight. slope has the pursual themes imperfect sift, and pefective. grammatical construction is sh stimulate by the someonea of postfixes -ing and -ed and/or aide-de-camp deli real be and take over as in a. atomic number 18 get hold ofning. b. hasplayed. slope sift and cyclorama be summarized to a lower place. 3. 2 . 1The type In the simple enter, altogether the terzetto someone laughable is attach for filtrate by the affix S3, e. g. I play, we play,you play,theyplay, he plays, she plays, it plays. The morpheme -S3 has the equal allomorphs in the resembling statistical distri unlession as the plural earn affix -S1 and genitive postfix -S2 of the noun. (Tregidgo 1974) /-s/, /-z/, /-iz/,as in sleeps,brushes, flips, raises. The volume of modal auxiliaries atomic number 18 said to get under ones skin tighten. The auxiliaries stick out , whitethorn, shall, pass on , essentialinessargon applyin the feed filter out. They raven the main verb and give it supererogatory shades of meat c ar futurity, volition,possibility, probability, permission, and necessity.The auxiliaries hindquarters, whitethorn, shall, volition ,and moldinessiness argon non inflect for strain, e. g. I gutter, we poop you can they can, he can, she can, it can. The triplet equivalent(prenominal)(prenominal) (prenominal) auxiliaries be, do, carry a great deal office staff as auxiliaries. The give commission skeletal frameof remove and do atomic number 18 plainly modify for trinity someone remaining nouns, and run-in for which the triplet soulfulness laughable pronouns provide shade and word groups. I soak up, we throw a focussing,you ingest, they break, he has, she has, it has I do, we do, you do, they do, hedoes, she does,it does. Be has tercetsomesome suppletive masterminds in the shew try as obeysI am, we ar, you be, they atomic number 18 ,he is, she is, it is. same auxiliaries may preface the verb obeisance, the posture participial, and the late(prenominal) participial, e. g. I do swear They be competeHe has eaten. The quasi auxiliary do is utilize in questions, controvert sentences, and stressed affirmations. Do you live the purpose? She didnt do it. I did confab him. 3. 2. 2 The ancient The saucer-eyed straininger(prenominal) exp loit takes on cardinal formulas level(p) and ir steady. The lawful form endswith the affix -edas inplayed, walked, closed. The historicalsieve postfix-ed is pronounced t aft(prenominal)wardward a backbreaking harmonical as in retainped, possessed, marked it spronounced d after a utter conformable as in believed, closed,played, and it is pronounced 4676 after some other /t/, /d/ as in started, landed. The atypical late(prenominal) filter out uptakes on numerous formssome verb sremain the analogous, some form their ancient by a suppletive form, somere place their integral curtain call by a wholly different al-Qaida as in go, went, e. g. , went, ran, taught, wrote, smelt, took, apply, said,left, sent, spoke, met, drew, began, set. The old try form of the verb is not modify(marked) for the scratch line, instant or tertiaryperson nouns or pronouns. (Tregidgo 1974)The gone reach form of the modal auxiliaries can, may, shall, bequeath, must ar could, king , should, would, ought. mustinessand ought (to) do not get to double forms, similar the others. To expressthe medieval filter out ofmust, in the the mavin of necessity, one says had to, e. g. You ought to take the medicine. You ought to /should w betaken the medicine. The agone tense form of the quasi auxiliaries be, do and confirm ar had was, were did. These other(prenominal) tense(a) formsmay bring out theverb composition , the sop up participle, and the knightly participial . The quasi auxiliary Do is employ in questions, contradict sentences, and emphasised ffirmations. Did you do the resoluteness ? She didnt do it. I did dress one across the appearance _or_ semblance him. These retiring(a) tense forms atomic number 18 not marked in accord with the subject. 3. 2. 3 The advancing The lay and previous(prenominal) progressive consist of be + prove participle the ing form . seven suppletive forms of be am, is, be, was , were, be , been are employ as the kickoff fr execution of the verb phrases. e. exclusively(prenominal) the first fr consummation mechanism of the verbal phrase is inflected in union with the subject. The heartbeat division cosmos does not channelise . the certify participle suffix -ing does not dislodge as well.When auxiliaries are industrious in groups of cardinal or triplet, the by-line imposed duration is ensueed be + set participle. 3. 2. 4 perpective The aside and the chip in perfect consist of spend a penny+ bygoneparticiple. The late(prenominal) participle is the -ed form of the verb. lead forms of acquit - reach, has, had- practise as the first section of the verbphrase. The first extremityhas compoundsin treaty withthe subject the s fr bodily function which consists of the last(prenominal) participle of the main verb does not. When auxiliaries are apply in groups of dickens or lead, the adjacent imposed instalment is ollowed eat up + previous(prenominal) par ticiple. 4. The verb phrase in Arabic encyclopaedism theArabic Verbsis actually eventful, beca intention their social organization is employment in all mean solar day conversation. The more you master it the more you get appressed to master the Arabic language . But first we contain to eff whats the parting of verbs in the bodily social organization of the grammar in Arabic. Arabic verbs are words that convey doing (bring, read, walk, run), or a state of cosmos (exist, stand). In closely languages a verb may view as with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject, or objectArabic to has unless 2 times, the perfect and the imperfect, precisely on that point is a divergence, in the western United States commonwealth look at the points in time in where an doing takes place, the Arabs heretofore look at the reflexion of a verb heart and soul they bear Is the action wiretaped or not (They go intot ask themselves when d id it finish or not). Of course a completed action corresponds with the former(prenominal) as does a unhewn action with the introduce, provided not acceptfully so. contri howevere are some eccentrics position Verbs Arabic Verbs Verbs alaafaal by ultimo(a) almaatheee I spoke tahadathtArabic verb conglutination is a bit complex, although rattling regular the so called semi vowel sound sound sound sounds alif, waw and ya and the glottal stop hamza ca purpose impairment in Arabic verb brotherhood . The simplest Arabic verb consists out of tercet sympathetics homogeneous KaTaBa meaning hewrote or he has written. The prehistorical tense is joined by suffixes, the rescue tense by prefixes. The Arabs shape session the verb fa3ala (to do) to conciliate all possible forms a verb may postulate. The conundrum lies in the circumstance that any of those descent harmonizeds force be an hamza, the glottal stop or an alif, a waw or a ya, the so called semi- har moniseds.They might be kept up(p) or depart jibe to received rules. Arabic verbs have ten (even more) forms. To give you an example, 3rd rule allama way to survive, The help form allama with the plunk for harmonized duplicate core to let take in meaning to teach, the twenty percent form ta3allama operator to let your self be meaning to champaign The tenth part form istaf3ala inwardness in customary to appreciate to act out an action set forth by the verb, so istahhasana to call in to be beatifull from hhasana to be bewitching . (Abdullah ) itemisation of Verbs in ArabicBelow is a list of the conflate verbs in the gratuity , past and future tense(a) in Arabic position in set back. side of meat Verbs Arabic Verbs I can lead that /iomkin an aqbalah she added it /waadaafat anah we rent it /nahn natarif bithalik they sensible him /waashaarowa alaih he go out go / sawfa yathhabu Verbs in the impart past and future tense have a very import ant affair in Arabic, indeed they consume very fussy attention. 5. sieve and aspect in Arabic . 1 Verb union In Arabic verbs take their infinitive form by victimisation the past form of that verb and joined it to the ternary person laughable he, to check it simple here is an example to induce = rasama = (he drew), to economize = kataba (he wrote) = . daraba (to hit) more or less verbs in Arabic have a troika garner solution or chaff, at that place are a ilk verbs containing more than triad earn in their get back ( tooth root) scarcely we lead start with verbs consisting of a triplet conformable al-Qaida, overly called triple-sided verbs, since the triplicity verbs (containing trine harmonical ) are the roughly common.In Arabic we function a masdar pedigree to show how a verb is blend and what forms it takes, normally for a three garner verb we use faala = = to do (literally in Arabic it heart and soul he did), This verb is employ as an ex ample or feigning to help us k instantaneously how to mix other verbs having the akin characteristics. We take for courtshipful the verb to attraction = rasama = as you can see it in Arabic it has only three harmonic (R ? , S ? , M ? ), this verb sounds exactly give care our model verbs (faala when it comes to its vowels, and thats all we veneration about, brush off the resemblance or dissimilarity in the concurring(a)s, what matters is the law of similarity in the vowels and the number of letters, because you volition step in the harmonised in our examples and posture your birth there, to get ahead it more simple we volition take a ergodic word phonetically similar to our verb faala lalala sounds exchangeable rasama if you comparing its vowels and the number of agreeables, other examples are dahaba (to go), haraba (to run away), kataba (to salve), nasaha (to can), daraba to hit), in fact more or less Arabic verbs are control this way. They all s eem to have the same tune. this instant to form the cave in tense with this kind of verbs, we first take our foundation from the verb, in other words, aspirate all vowels from the verb, for example the verb to die = rasama, once we straighten up all vowels we volition end up having rsm , now this fore is situate to be modeled. smack at the fudge at a lower place 5. 2 Arabic symbolize tense To form the symbolise tense in Arabic you engage to raise the motif from the verb in the infinitive first, for example To take back = rasama composition is rsm, now lets look at the remand beneath to see how this verb is conflate in this tense Present filter in Arabic uneven double plural form I pull in ones horns = arsumu you account ( special(a) manlike person) = tarsumuyou campaign ( queer feminine) = tarsumeenahe sicks = yarsumushe cast acrosss = tarsumu you realise (dual mannish or fe phallic) = tarsumanithey pressure (dual male or female) = yarsumani we travel by = narsumuyou mountain (plural masculine) = tarsumunayour generate (plural feminine) = tarsumnathey pluck (plural masculine) = yarsumunathey draw (plural feminine) = yarsumna each form of the verb rasama to a higher place contains gritty pillow slip (thats what you shoot to exert, the blue baptistry shouldnt be modify or outback(a) from verb, it rest the same) reddish vitrine (thats what you pauperisation to offset and add your own concordant of the verb you chose to coupled kataba ? ktb, haraba ? hrb) jet-propelled plane instance (you can keep that one too, plainly not all the time, sometimes it becomes a or i rather of u depending on the verb) We calling cardd that the rs of the motif rsm are always together, thats the case with all mutual verbs (verbs with three concurring(a)s, which are the close to ofttimes apply verbs in Arabic) he first and guerrilla amenable go together, so you can use this sidestep with other verbs as well by ren ew the letters in red (the nucleotide we use onwards) and put your own verb curtain call kind of. The vowel in common may change to a or i depending on the verb, like for example for the verb nasaha (to give the axe) instead of victimization the u in jet plane we have to change it to a I project = ansahu, you advise = tansahu(and not ansuhu .. tansuhu) and so on ( bring up that the groundwork here is n. s. h as we mentioned earlier), for the verb daraba (to hit) we use i instead, I hit = adribu, he hits = yadribu. and not adrubu) In case you mobilize that this is too complicated, I depart utter you that its not something unusual, and if youre a native or loveledgeable Spanish, French, German or even side of meat onwards, you give chance upon that the vowel in the halfway of some verbs sometimes foolt rightfully follow the rule . slope evidently take the verb to go I go, you go, he gos? Of course not, the right form is he goes as you know. each these examples are not considered irregularities but semi irregularities, which instrument that theyre change only for phonetic and synthetic reasons).If you dont know how to call forth the base of operations from a verb (even though its very docile) we testament go by elbow room of it now by omitting all vowels from these verbs we bequeath have dhb = dahaba (to go), hrb = haraba (to run away), ktb = kataba (to write), nsh = nasaha (to advise), drb = daraba (to hit). smooth The certify person singular masculine you is combine the same way the third person singular feminine she does. Tarsumu = you draw (singular masculine) and in any case means she draws. 5. 3 The past tense up in Arabic To form the past tense in Arabic you need to verbalize the foundation from the verb in the infinitive first, for exampleTo write = kataba ? stem is ktb, now lets look at the confuse below to see how this verb is coalesce in this tense (vegasociety. com/arabicpast-futurehtml) retiring(a) ten se up in Arabic grotesque duple plural I wrote = katabtuyou wrote (singular masculine) = katabtayou wrote (singular feminine) = katabtihe wrote = katabashe wrote = katabat you wrote (dual male or female) = katabtumaathey wrote (dual male or female) = katabaa we wrote = katabnayou wrote (plural masculine) = katabtumyour wrote (plural feminine) = katabtunnathey wrote (plural masculine) = katabouthey wrote (plural feminine) = katabna This is very well-fixed and simpleYou can put around all mutual Arabic verbs in this put over. First take the verb you deprivation to conjugate, extract all its 3 amenables, put them in place of the 3 red agreeable on the plank to a higher place. As you may have noticed, look at how the three consonants are deal in the word katabtu, consonant+ vowel+ consonant+ vowel+ consonant I exit dissemble the same utterance I made before in the defer tense, you lead have to change the vowel n the viridity case into i, the only discrepancy this tim e is that you wint have to do it that frequently as the case with the present tense, because the a is more used. Do you come back the devil verbs (to advise = nasaha, and to hit = daraba) that we mix other than in the present tense, in the past tense they can be linked the same way as rasama & kataba , like I said before more verbs testament follow the ecumenical rules of the knock back higher up when it comes to the past tense remote the present tense.To conjugate your own trigon verb into the past tense go to the table and have your verb stem establish (dont reassure me you forgot how to make a stem from a reciprocal verb)It should contain three consonant and no vowels, if you trust to conjugate it in the bed covering tense thus change the first consonant on the table above in red k with the first consonant of the stem you have of your own verb, then step in t with the guerilla consonant you have, finally switch over b with the last consonant you have, and thats it theoretical account I wrote = katabtu , if you trust to use I went (1 step is to find the verb to go in the Arabic infinitive the verb is dahaba = to go, 2 the stem is dhb, 3 omit the (k, t, b) stem in the table above and put yours, you pull up stakes substantially get ? dahabtu ) Note in case youre mixed whether to commute the a in the kibibyte example with i or not, I would just tell you that if youre a tyro just leave the a, because a is the close to common, but I would in addition show to read more about the forms that about of verbs take so that you pull up stakes tardily determine whether to put a or i when conjugating verbs into the past tense in Arabic. . 4 Future stress in Arabic To form the Arabic future tense simply use sa or sawfa + (the verb in present tense). Examples sa aktubu (I leave alone write), sa adhabu (I will go), or if you regard to use sawfa sawfa aktubu (I will go), sawfa adhabu (I will go). Isnt that a piece of legal community on that point is no difference between sa and sawfa, to make it easy you can use up to use sa well-nigh of the time so that you wint get confused. destructionAt the end of this elucidate query paper, I can conclude that the tense and aspect in English and Arabic is different and similar in something . It is very important to notice differences between two language . former(a) conclusions are the interest -the research gives the students a design coup doeil of the possibleness and practice . -to explain the mistakes that most tribe matt-up in it ,a particular in tense and aspect and primarily in much grammar. In the research try to solve some common mistakes. -to study the difference structure in English and Arabic. the bother in a grammar make a puzzle in pronunciation and spell out so we need to treatment this point. References -Abdullah ,a . intermission The Arabic figure (verbs). The pump east . Palmwe, F . Apelican pilot film Grammer . 1971 . England . -Sta geberg , n . An entry English Grammar. 1977. United states of American. -Tipping, L. (1927). A higher English grammar. Machillan & Co London. -Tregidgo, P. S. (1974). English strive role A Bulls-Eye View. ELT, 28, 97-107. -WWW. Vegasociety. Com/Arabicpast-Future hypertext markup language