Thursday, December 26, 2019
Altruism Is Important in Society - 1250 Words
Knowing and Knowledge 1 ACX1001 Semester 1 2009 Longer Essay: Why is kindness or altruism important for society? Roselyn Weereratne Student: 3801157 Tutor: Joyce Tute: 17:30 Monday Why is kindness or altruism important for society? Altruism may be defined as a basic selfless attitude that may attribute to those providing initial intervention (Ronel, 2006). For a society or community to thrive, prosper and grow minimum expectations must exist for the individuals of that community to be happy. Rules and laws are in place to govern the ways in which we should act socially, ethically and morally. Among such principles is an expectation to be fair and kind to those around oneself, as you yourself would like to beâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In other words although kindness is important to society, I might not be able to help if the provider doesnââ¬â¢t benefit in one-way or another or if it costs me too much. As Guagnano, Stern, and Dietz (1995) interpret the Schwartz model, for a person to act altruistically, the person must be aware of negative consequences and also must attribute some responsibility to take appropriate action to persons like himself or herself. When people hold both these beliefs, theyShow MoreRelatedAltruism Of Society : Altruism1074 Words à |à 5 PagesUISM IN SOCIETY 1 Altruism in Society Alicia Carnicelli University of Phoenix PSY 490 Stephanie Townes ALTRUISM IN SOCIETY 2 As per many of the responsibilities that surround my job description as a Caseworker, I administer a monthly teen group for adolescent girls that are at risk. These young ladies come from a host of environments that encase circumstances surrounding physical and/or sexual abuse, drug addiction, and other scenarios. As is customary with this demographicRead More The Causes of Altruism Essay1152 Words à |à 5 Pagescalled altruism by psychologists. Through this feeling, humans transform from a selfish jerk to a more compassionate and caring person. Some psychologists believe that this feeling stems from nature itself. Despite the fact that some altruistic acts originate from the pressures of society, altruism predominantly comes from the survival of the fittest, the feeling of empathy, and the selfish desire to benefit your own kin. Before a case can be made for the causes of altruism, altruism itself mustRead MoreEssay on Altruism1083 Words à |à 5 PagesWhy do we show altruism? Social and evolutionary biologists, psychologists, economists and philosophers alike have made many attempts at providing an explanation for altruism. As a result, many opposing theories have developed over the years. In this essay, I will attempt to explain altruism as the presence of an altruistic gene which is selected for by natural selection in terms of kin selection. I will explore evidence supporting this theory, as well as evidence pointing to psychological explanationsRead MoreAltruism Is Good Or Good?1165 Words à |à 5 Pages Altruism is defined as the principle or practice of unselfish concern for or devotion to the welfare of others. Why would someone think that certain actions are moral? There are two answers. First, altruism is naturally positive but on the contrary there are situations that decisions are made with morally bad tendencies and motivations, in circumstantial selfishness. Secondly, altruism is good because of its affirmative effects. The outcome of altruism does not only effect the person to whom theRead MoreAltruism: The Illusion of Self-Interest Essay1155 Words à |à 5 PagesThe behavior of altruism in an individual is when it brings more costs than benefits for the benefit of another individual. Altruism comes from the Latin word Alter which means the others. This translation of alturism describes it relatively well. Another great definition of altruism can be found in a statement of Edward Osborne Wilson, an American biologist. According to Wilson, Altruism is defined in biology, a s in everyday life, as a self-destructive behavior for the benefit of other.Read MoreKant And Kant s Theory1368 Words à |à 6 Pages578) Chapter12: Question 8 What is altruism? Should we try to encourage it? If so, why? If not, why not? Altruism is a term that was coined by the scholar auguste Comte meaning selflessness. It is the principle that argues that people should worry about the welfare of others rather than their self-interests alone. Altruism is virtues that is widely encouraged in most religious groups and have been practiced by many traditional societies. According to Comte altruism, can be used as the basis of judgingRead MoreAltruism, By Charles Darwin1463 Words à |à 6 PagesAltruism is the practice of selfless concern for the well-being of others, or the behavior of an animal that benefits another at its own expense. Evidence shows that the act of altruism is unique in the world of animals. The interaction between those who are selfish and those who are altruistic is vital to human cooperation. A small group of altruistic people can give enough motivation to a large number of egotistical to move a mountain. Just as a large number of selfish people could push a smallRead MoreAn Argument Against The Virtue of Selfishness by Ayn Rand780 Words à |à 3 Pagesof Selfishness Ayn Rand argues that self-interest is the norm of ethics. Perhaps the strongest argument Rand gives for this claim relies on the argument that it is up to every individual to decide what values his or her life needs. Since it is important to know what morals one should have, or if one should even have any. In this paper I will argue that this argument fails because a self-interested person will belittle the interests of others for their own good, therefore damaging the relationshipRead MoreSelfish Relations : An Evolutionary Explanation Of Altruistic Behaviors1528 Words à |à 7 Pagesbenefits. This idea can be supported by examples of reciprocity, altruistic punishment, and Malthusianism. This discourse will also discuss whether ââ¬Å"true altruismâ⬠exists, and that if cooperation is to be associated with altruistic behavior then the only explanatory model possible for its emergence is via group sel ection, which indicates that altruism is an insipidly evolved trait. There are very clear benefits to cooperative behavior, especially for exceptionally social species like humans. SelfishRead MoreAltruism Versus Morality : What Truly Matters When It Is911 Words à |à 4 PagesAltruism Versus Morality: What Truly Matters When It Comes to Organ Donation? In Sally Satel s ââ¬Å"When Altruism Isn t Moralâ⬠discusses the problem with the outrageous expectation the healthcare system has for organ donation and reception. Satel says ââ¬Å"it is lethally obvious that altruism is not a valid basis for transplant policy. If we keep thinking of organs solely as gifts, there will never be enough of them.â⬠I agree with Satel; the social requirements that a donor has to meet before being able
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
The War On Drugs Illegal, Healthy Or Unhealthy And Safe...
Whether legal or illegal, healthy or unhealthy and safe or unsafe; Drugs form a very significant part of the global society today. As the world s drug problem persists, issues continue to haunt communities. The US government has spent and will continue to spend billions of precious tax dollars every year on the war against drugs. And the parties that insist that criminalizing drugs is the way persist, however, there is much more reason to decriminalize drug use. Wilsonââ¬â¢s argument against decriminalization is based the general belief that there is a strong likelihood of greater social harm resulting from the legalization of drugs than from their prohibition. He also argues that the effects of drug use an ââ¬Å"destroy the userââ¬â¢s humanityâ⬠and so are immoral. He only believes in the harms of decriminalization with very little empirical basis for his conclusions. The war on drugs has been declared so many times against the background of understanding. The US government conducted a study in which they did the cost benefit analysis of various ways of treating the drug problem, to find out the most cost effective way. They found not to my surprise is that the most cost effective is prevention and treatment. This is the way one of the worst drugs, tobacco, was handled in the past. Tobacco kills far more people than hard drugs like cocaine does and was handled by cultural change. Through the 1980s people with more education adopted a healthier lifestyle and stopped smoking. There wasShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life2165 Words à |à 9 Pagesworking conditions within businesses, understood the consequences of being hurt on the job, and were horrified with the exploitation of child labor. They were aware of unsafe health practices and falsely advertised food/medication. They had a mission of making American workers safe, while pr otecting consumers from unhealthy or unsafe products. The progressive movement would be instrumental in changing laws within so many aspects of the American worker and family. The creating of the 8-hour work dayRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Legalizing Marijuana1880 Words à |à 8 PagesPros and Cons Of Legalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a very common street and recreational drug that comes from the marijuana plant. The plant that produces marijuana, as is well known, is the hemp plant cannabis sativa. The pharmacologically active ingredient in marijuana is tetra-hydro-cannabinol. Marijuana is used to heighten perception, affect mood and relax. It is estimated that about thirty percent of adults in the U.S. use marijuana. Many people think marijuana is harmless. It is not.Read MoreCoca Cola And The Largest Distribution System1635 Words à |à 7 PagesHowever every company besides their ethic code practice, they also have many unethical practices just like Coca-Cola Companyââ¬â¢s. Coca-Cola Company has used significant amounts of drugs on their beverages from the very establishment of the company, i.e. from May 1886. Even with the knowledge that cocaine was able to inflict a huge health problem to human body they continued usingRead MoreCoca Cola And The Largest Distribution System1602 Words à |à 7 PagesHowever every company besides their ethic code practice, they also have many unethical practices just like Coca-Cola Companyââ¬â¢s. Coca-Cola Company has used significant amounts of drugs on their beverages from the very establishment of the company, i.e. from May 1886. Even with the knowledge that cocaine was able to inflict a huge health problem to human body they continued usingRead MoreSelling Human Organs10012 Words à |à 41 PagesTERM PAPER RESEARCH : Selling Human Organs ARTICLE 1 : Should people be allowed to sell their organs? Currently, exchanging organs for money or other valuable considerations is illegal, but some members of the medical and business communities would like to change that. One of those is the American Medical Associations influential Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Convinced that the balance of moral and ethical concerns favors the ability to sell organs, they would like the laws to changeRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words à |à 1056 PagesEmployees 182 Managing Careers 208 PART 5 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 MAINTAINING HIGH PERFORMANCE Establishing the Performance Management System 230 Establishing Rewards and Pay Plans 260 Employee Benefits 286 Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Work Environment 312 PART 6 Chapter 14 LABORââ¬âMANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTS Understanding Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining 340 Endnotes 367 Glossary 389 Company Index 395 Subject Index 398 v Contents PART 1 UNDERSTANDING HRM ChapterRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words à |à 291 PagesEnglish-speaking workers means that its tertiary sector is also relatively significant. Many US and UK multinationals, for example, have invested directly in India for this very reason. The Czech Republic is an industrializing nation, and it is therefore safe to assume that manufacturing accounts for a significant share of GDP; this is more apparent in the Czech Republic than in the other two countries. The services sector is the most predominant sector in MEDCs, such as Belgium. In addition, BelgiumRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words à |à 1422 Pages.. 40 and let each interval have a width is reasonable to start the ï ¬ rst class interval at 3.22 ââ" Medicareââ¬â¢s new medical plans offer a wide range of variations and choices for seniors when picking a drug plan (San Luis Obispo Tribune, November 25, 2005). The monthly cost for a stand-alone drug plan varies from plan to plan and from state to state. The accompanying table gives the premium for the plan with the lowest cost for each state. State Cost per Month (dollars) State Cost per Month
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Paper Towel Essay free essay sample
The purpose of this experiment was to see which brand of paper towel most absorbent for consumers. I became interested in this idea when I got looking on the Internet for project ideas. The information gained from this experiment can help consumers know which paper towel will absorb the most of their everyday spills. Hypothesis 1. My hypothesis is that Bounty Paper Towel brand will absorb the most liquid compared to four other brands of paper towel. 2. I base my hypothesis on the research that I did on the Internet that said that Bounty paper towel is 20% more absorbent than other leading paper towels. Experiment design The constants in this study were: 1. The size of each brand of paper towel 2. The amount of water that will be in the beaker in each test. The manipulated variable was the different brands of paper towels. The responding variable was the amount of water that will be in each beaker. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper Towel Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To measure the responding variable I will measure how much water I squeeze out of the paper towels into the graduated cylinder, I will measure in milliliters. PROCEDURES 1. First gather all of the materials that you need. 2. Then pour 200 milliliters of water in the beaker that you have. 3. Place a round funnel on top of the graduated cylinder. 4. Then take the first brand of paper towel on your list and place it in the beaker. 5. Time for 15 seconds. 6. After 15 seconds, take the paper towel out of the beaker. 7. Squeeze all the water out of the paper towel into the graduated cylinder. 8. Record how much water is in the graduated cylinder. 9. Take the amount of water that was poured into the graduated cylinder and subtract that from 200 milliliters. 10. Next, try the test with 4 other brands of paper towels. 11. Each paper towel needs to be tested 4 times, but you need to record your data for each paper towel on your data table. 12. Make sure that the water doesnââ¬â¢t spill in any of the tests or you will have to restart the tests over. 13. Record all data on your data sheet. Results The original purpose of this experiment was to see which paper towel brand would be the most absorbent for consumersââ¬â¢ needs. The results of the experiment were that the Sparkle brand paper towels were the most absorbent. It absorbed on average, 50ml of water, when the Bounty brand paper towels absorbed only 44. 75ml of water. Western Family brand paper towels absorbed 34ml of water on average, and Scott brand paper towels only absorbed 33ml of water. - Conclusion My hypothesis was that Bounty paper towel would be the most absorbent. The results indicate that my hypothesis should be rejected because sparkle paper towel was the most absorbent out of the four test groups. Because of the results of this experiment, I wonder if next time that I do an experiment that maybe I will need to do more test groups. My findings should be useful to consumers because now they can use my information to know which brand of paper towel can absorb the most of their everyday skills. If I were to conduct this project again I would use more test groups and I would use different test groups to see if there are paper towels that are more absorbent than Sparkle paper towel
Tuesday, December 3, 2019
Why Woman Should Not Carry Gun an Example by
Why Woman Should Not Carry Gun Personal defence is an increasingly important consideration in our troubled society. We cannot deny and avoid the fact that we, indeed, live in this perilous time than people who lived before did. The probabilities of harm are very big. Whether we like it or not, grievous times will be at hand. Need essay sample on "Why Woman Should Not Carry Gun" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed People, government agencies, and even non-government organizations still strive hard to maintain peace and safety in all places. Latest inventions to protect human manifest that there are dangers in almost all parts of the world. University Students Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists:Who wants to write assignment for me?Specialists advise: Find Your Helping Hand!Essay Writing Company Reviews Review Essays For Money Essay Writer Service Cheap Custom Essays Firearms are an important part of preserving our freedoms, both from the power of the state and from evil people who wish to harm peaceable individuals. For violent encounters, guns are the best equalizer of force between men and women currently available. There are other reasons why it's particularly important that women carry guns. The right of the people to keep and bear arms is based on the laws and constitutions of each state or country. The gun issue polarizes individuals in our society as few other issues do. A gun is, in fact, something which a great many people use to protect themselves. I do understand that there are connotations of protection, taking and thus redefining a power that is associated with men and masculinity, and defiance. Until now, it is still a point of an argument (for some people) if woman should have an equal rights with man. One of the issues being raised is the probability for woman to carry guns. For women, personal defence is a vitally important issue, as men generally outweigh and outmuscle women, and commit most violent crimes. According to A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun by Linda M. Hasselstrom, she carries a gun to protect herself from sexual assault and because of other coercing factors that she mentioned in her essay. In short, the main reason is protection. A gun becomes protective when it discourages someone from harming you; this is not what it was designed for, although what it was designed for is what makes it effective as a discouragement tool. It was designed for the purpose of killing individuals, whether they be animal (as in a hunting rifle) or human (as in a handgun. Basically, its function as a protective item is connoted on its function as a killing weapon. No one would be frightened by a gun if it were not able to kill them. Moreover, as weapons go, guns are particularly geared towards taking the life of an opponent. Wherever we may go, safety is always one of our concerns. In fact, a person who is in a sound mind does everything he can to protect not only himself but also his loved ones. Our care for peace and order would not come to the point of making ourselves armed, if we will oblige ourselves to take the steps that we must do without even thinking of causing harm to other people. Injuring people - which is what weapons are for - does not seem to me to be what I am trying to achieve. When I see a gun, I don't think of protection - I think of someone who is willing to kill people. Taking care of ourselves is not against any law whether of man or of the Creator of man. As we all know, guns are still tools of destruction. The first thing that we can do is keep ourselves away from apparent source of harm. Our way of life, for example, sometimes contribute factors why some of us encounter dangers. Accessorizing ourselves with our precious jewelry would invite thieves and snatchers. Why not instead live as simple and as practical as we can be? Trying to wear decently will not do us any harm but will keep us away from becoming victims of those who have lust in their eyes. If more women do these seemingly simple but logical way of protecting themselves, there would be fewer cases of rape. You might have gun in you, but you cant always be sure of using it at the proper time and proper place and whenever it is really needed to be used. Another is that an individual who relies on firearms may have a false sense of security, and may freeze up if an attacker does approach her. Violence in today's society needed a big move of the government, peace-keeping agencies, and religious groups. Yes, it will always start with the individual, but there are also other people in authority who have greater responsibility with regard to human safety and protection. References Why Women Should Care About the Right to Keep and Bear Arms. Megan D. Lehman. Right-To-Carry A Feminist Issue. March 2006. http://www.gunowners.org/wv46.htm
Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Barriers to Entry and Competitive Force Analysis Essays
Barriers to Entry and Competitive Force Analysis Essays Barriers to Entry and Competitive Force Analysis Paper Barriers to Entry and Competitive Force Analysis Paper I. INTRODUCTION Company Vision To have a Lamoiyan product in every home. Company Mission Improve the quality of life by bringing essential products within the reach of the common people. Corporate Values Pursuit of Excellence Doing things better than before and better than competitors. Respect for the Individual Values individuality by treating each other with fairness. Social Responsibility Making our presence a blessing to society. Teamwork Reaching collectively goals that we cannot reach separately. Integrity Doing things right Company Background In late 1970ââ¬â¢s Cecilio Kwok Pedroââ¬â¢s Aluminum Container Incorporated became the major supplier of alluminum collapsible toothpaste tubes to Colgate-Palmolive, Procter and Gamble, and Philippine Refining Company (Unilever). However, in 1985, these companies started using plastic laminated tubes. Dr. Pedro closed his company but was able to realize that his equipments can still be put to good use. Two years later (1988), Dr. Pedro opened the doors to Lamoiyan. That time, the toothpaste industry was dominated by multinational companies namely Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever. Lamoiyanââ¬â¢s strategy was to target the weak point of these companies which is price. The company did not choose to compete head-on with Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever, hence it did a niche strategy. Dr. Pedro was able to develop multi-flavoured toothpaste for children. The company also introduced Hapee Gold for consumers in their 40s and 50s. Red and Green Sparkling Gel was developed to target the teenagers. With perseverance and effective advertising, and by selling his product at a price 30% lower than the leading brands, Dr. Pedro succeeded in making Hapee the No. toothpaste brand in the country. The company engaged itself in community outreach sponsoring schools and sports teams as a way of giving back to the community. Dr. Pedro also employed many hearing-impaired graduates of the school founded by the Deaf Evangelistic Allience Foundation Inc. (DEAF). He know that these community efforts made it harder for the multinationals to attack his company aggressively. With the en try of Zest-O Corporationââ¬â¢s BEAM toothpaste which is priced cheaper that Hapee, Lamoiyan decided to introduce Kutitap as the new, lowest priced toothpaste available. While Kutitap had achieved only 1. 1% market share by 2002, the new product was growing rapidly and as a consequence, BEAMââ¬â¢s market share had fallen to 6. 6% in 2002. The company also diversified its product line to include Dazz Dishwashing Paste, Dazz Dishwashing Liquid, Dazz All-Purpose Kitchen Cleaner, Tenderly fabric softener, and Fresher feminine wash. In November of 2004, Lamoiyan has earmarked P100 million to expand its business and establish presence in neighboring countries such as Vietnam, China, and Indonesia. II. Analysis of Macroenvironment Political The political system contained an executive, legislative, and judicial branch and functioned as a democratic state under President Macapagal-Arroyo. Ms. Macapagal Arroyo took office in January 2011 after Former President Joseph Estrada was impeached on charges of nepotism and corruption. The transition from Estrada, who was considered ââ¬Å"president of the poor,â⬠to Macapagal-Arroyo, who desired to strengthen competition and liberalize trade, unleashed considerable political uncertainty and a recession threat in late 2000 but, by 2002, the instability had mostly subsided. Economic The 1997 Asian financial crisis, the political instability, and the 2001 global economic downswing all adversely affected the Philippine economy, however growth in recent years suggested a modest recovery. The 2002 real GDP reached US$77. 1 billion, reflecting an 8% increase from 2001, and export revenues in 2000 totaled US$35 billion, more than four times the amount in 1990. In 2002, however, the Philippines fell 13 places to 61st out of 80 countries in the World Economic Forumââ¬â¢s Global Competitiveness Report, an index based on countriesââ¬â¢ expected five year capita GDP growth As the country modernized throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the agricultural sector shrank, the services sector grew, and the manufacturing sector remained fairly constant. In 2002, GDP was distributed as follows: 45% services, 35% industrial, and 20% agricultural. Inequitable distribution of wealth plagued the Philippines, as the average income of the richest 10% was fourteen times that of the poorest 10%. Forty percent of the population lived in poverty. Socio-cultural Although the national language is tagalong, with over 80 distinct dialects, English was widely spoken and was the medium of communication in business and higher education. At 94%, the Philippines boasted one of the highest literacy rates in the world, and the highest in South-east Asia, including Hong Kong and Taiwan. Technological In 2002, 66% of toothpaste sold in the Philippines was packed in plastic tubes while 10% was in aluminium tubes, with sizes ranging from 25 ml to 150 ml. The remaining 24% of toothpaste sales consisted of 10 ml sachets. Labor Over 90% of the business in the Philippines employed fewer than ten people each, and in 2002 approximately 11% of the labor force was unemployed Demographic The Philippines, located off the south-eastern coast of mainland Asia, consisted of 7,100 islands covering a total land area of 115,830 square miles. The Philippine population exceeded 80 million in 2002, and was expected to grow at 2% annually through 2007. The islands were divided into three geographic areas: The southern island of Mindanao, the central islands of the Visayas, and the northern and largest island of Luzon, which contained the countryââ¬â¢s capital, Manila. Almost half of the population lived in urban areas, and over 10 million resided in Metro Manila, which covered only 245 sq. mi. III. Analysis of the Task Environment The task environment is usually the environment that companies focus on. It helps the company to specifically identify environmental factors that are important in the companyââ¬â¢s success. It typically includes the competitors, customers, suppliers, and strategic partners. Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School has developed a framework for industry analysis and business strategy which he called the Porterââ¬â¢s Five Forces Analysis. Porterââ¬â¢s five forces include three forces from the ââ¬Ëhorizontal competitionââ¬â¢: Threat of substitute products, threat of established rivals, and the threat of new entrants; and two forces from the ââ¬Ëvertical competitionââ¬â¢: the bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining power of customers. To help the company become more profitable, this section shall provide an industry analysis using Porterââ¬â¢s Five Forces Analysis. BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIER IS LOW The Bargaining power of the supplier is also described as the market of inputs. A company needs raw materials for them to offer products or services. Such raw materials include labor, components, and other supplies. These requirements lead to buyer-supplier relationship between the industry and the firm that provides the raw materials used to create the product or to deliver the service. Suppliers, if powerful, can exert an influence on the industry, such as selling raw materials at a high price to capture some of the industryââ¬â¢s profits. The following table is an analysis of the factors that determine the power of supplier. DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE FORCEANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTIMPACT TO COMPETITIVE FORCE Dominated by a few companiesLowDecrease Not obliged to contend with other substitute products for sale in the industryLowDecrease Industry is not an important customer of the supplier groupLowDecrease Suppliersââ¬â¢ product is an important input to buyerââ¬â¢s businessHighIncrease Supplier groupââ¬â¢s product are differentiated or it has built up switching costLowDecrease Buyers pose a credible threat of forward integrationHighIncrease BARGAINING POWER OF CUSTOMERS IS HIGH The power of buyers is the impact that customers have on a producing industry. In general, when buyer power is strong, the relationship to the producing industry is near to what an economist terms a monopsony a market in which there are many suppliers and one buyer. Under such market conditions, the buyer sets the price. In reality few pure monopsonies exist, but frequently there is some asymmetry between a producing industry and buyers. The following is an analysis of the factors affecting buyerââ¬â¢s power. DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE FORCEANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTIMPACT TO COMPETITIVE FORCE Purchases large volumes relative to seller salesHighIncrease Products purchased from the industry represent a significant fraction of the buyerââ¬â¢s cost or purchaseHighIncrease Products purchased from the industry are standard or undifferentiatedHighIncrease Faces few switching costLowIncrease Earns low profitsHighIncrease Buyers pose a credible threat of backward integrationLowDecrease THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS IS LOW It is not only incumbent rivals that pose a threat to firms in an industry; the possibility that new firms may enter the industry also affects competition. In theory, any firm should be able to enter and exit a market, and if free entry and exit exists, then profits always should be nominal. In reality, however, industries possess characteristics that protect the high profit levels of firms in the market and inhibit additional rivals from entering the market. These are barriers to entry. Barriers to entry are more than the normal equilibrium adjustments that markets typically make. For example, when industry profits increase, we would expect additional firms to enter the market to take advantage of the high profit levels, over time driving down profits for all firms in the industry. When profits decrease, we would expect some firms to exit the market thus restoring market equilibrium. Falling prices, or the expectation that future prices will fall, deters rivals from entering a market. Firms also may be reluctant to enter markets that are extremely uncertain, especially if entering involves expensive start-up costs. These are normal accommodations to market conditions. But if firms individually (collective action would be illegal collusion) keep prices artificially low as a strategy to prevent potential entrants from entering the market, such entry-deterring pricing establishes a barrier. Barriers to entry are unique industry characteristics that define the industry. Barriers reduce the rate of entry of new firms, thus maintaining a level of profits for those already in the industry. From a strategic perspective, barriers can be created or exploited to enhance a firms competitive advantage. DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE FORCEANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTIMPACT TO COMPETITIVE FORCE Economies of ScaleHighDecrease Product DifferentiationLowIncrease Capital RequirementsHighDecrease Switching CostLowIncrease Access to Distribution ChannelsHighDecrease Cost of Disadvantages Independent of ScaleHighDecrease Government PolicyHighDecrease THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCT IS LOW In Porters model, substitute products refer to products in other industries. To the economist, a threat of substitutes exists when a products demand is affected by the price change of a substitute product. A products price elasticity is affected by substitute products as more substitutes become available, the demand becomes more elastic since customers have more alternatives. A close substitute product constrains the ability of firms in an industry to raise prices. DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE FORCEANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTIMPACT TO COMPETITIVE FORCE Available and priced attractivelyHighIncrease Buyers view the substitute as comparable or betterLowDecrease Cost that the buyer incursHighDecrease COMPETITIVE RIVALRY BETWEEN INDUSTRY IS HIGH With the real estate industry booming here in the Philippines, more and more companies develop strategic plans on how to capture more clients. DETERMINANTS OF COMPETITIVE FORCEANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTIMPACT TO COMPETITIVE FORCE Numerous of Equally Balanced CompetitorsHighIncrease Industry GrowthHighIncrease Fixed or Storage CostLowIncrease Lack of DifferentiationHighIncrease Capacity Augmented in Large IncrementsLowDecrease Diverse CompetitorsHighIncrease Strategic StakesHighIncrease Exit BarriersHighDecrease IV. PROBLEM How can Lamoiyan Corporation increase its market share without the multinationals attacking the company aggressively? V. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION Strategy A: Tap a different market Explanation: Conduct business-to-business structure by tapping the hotel industry and the airlines. The company will be the exclusive distributor of toothpaste and other hygienic products of different hotels and airline companies PROSCONS The strategic move will not provoke aggressive attacks by the multinational companiesThe company needs to provide personalized packages for each of the hotel or airline company It will provide a higher income for the company incurring minimal fixed cost due to existing machineries for production Strategy B: Product Improvement Explanation: Improve the existing product in terms of its effect on mouth and breath, which is the top two concern of most users. It is also the factor that receives most complaints among users. The price, however, will not change. PROSCONS In can address the needs and wants of the target market, thus the possibility of increased sales May lower profit margins since production cost per unit will increase while the price remains the same It serves as a competitive advantage of the product offering the same benefits as that of the multinationalsââ¬â¢ products but in a lower price Strategy C: Put up a factory and warehouse in the Vis-Min Area Explanation: Deficit in product availability is one factor that contributes to the growth slowdown of the company. Hapee toothpaste has low to very love store presence in grocery stores, sari-sari stores, market stalls, and drugstores in the Vis-Min area especially in Mindanao. Having a provincial warehouse and factory in Vis-Min Area will most likely to increase the availability rate of the product in that area. PROSCONS Product will be highly available in the areaThe company needs a large sum of money in capital investment Lower distribution cost due to near warehouses with respect to distribution outletsThere is higher risk because of patronage and loyalty non-assurance VI. RECOMMENDATION: Employ the combination of strategy A and B. When you know that your competitor is a big company, you do not compete head-on. They will just kill you! You cannot employ big plans as they do for this will trigger them to attack you aggressively. It is best to employ strategies which they canââ¬â¢t notice or if noticed, they wouldnââ¬â¢t mind at all. This way, you can capture their market little by little without them noticing it that much. What is good about strategy A is that multinational companies do not focus much in business-to-business transactions. They find the consumer market as a more profitable market. Hence, going into business-to-business transaction will not trigger the multinationals to be aggressive on you. On the other hand, product improvement will capture the marketââ¬â¢s attention as they primarily purchase products of value. If they see that your product offers the same benefits their current product offers and you sell it in a lower price, they are most likely to switch brands. But due to customer loyalty, not the totality of the market will shift into your brand. Probably, only a few will due, but the point here is that you were able to capture a portion, may it be small, of their market. Strategy C is not recommended due to a very high capital investment in building up a factory in the Vis-Min Area, moreover, there is no assurance that the sales will compensate the investment easily due to certain factors such as customer loyalty. Thus, employing the combination of strategies A and B is seen as the best move for the company in order for it to increase its market share without triggering an aggressive attack from the multinationals.
Saturday, November 23, 2019
UK Inflation essays
UK Inflation essays Macroeconomics History, causes and costs of Inflation in the UK economy Before starting to explain inflation it is necessary first to define it. Inflation can be described as a positive rate of growth in the general price level of goods and services. It is measured as a percentage increase over time in a price index such as the GDP deflator or the Retail Price Index. The RPI is a basket of over six hundred different goods and services, weighted according to the percentage of how much household income they take up. There are two measurements of this: the headline rate (includes all the items in the basket) and the underlying rate (RPIX) which excludes mortgage interest payments. It is the RPIX which is used more often in this country, as a feature of the UK when compared to the rest of Europe is a very high proportion of owner/occupier homeowners. This means that many people have mortgages, and as such, changes in interest rates (to control inflation) can artificially raise the headl ine rate. Causes of Inflation There are two main causes of inflation, 1) Demand Pull Inflation This is where the total demand for goods and services in the economy exceeds the total supply. This happens after excessive growth in aggregate demand, and creates an inflationary gap. Excess demand in the economy drives up prices, and high prices mean that Suppliers want to produce more units of their product in order to make more money. To supply more, they must increase their production capacity, and the easiest way to do this in the short run is to increase the amount of labour they employ. This means that they are paying more wages, so people will have more disposable income, and hence there is more demand in the economy. Demand pull inflation is often monetary in origin: when the money supply grows faster than the ability of the economy to supply goods and services. This concept is explained by the Quantity Theory of Money. The quantity theory of money hold...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY - Essay Example This information would be used in the third section of the research paper in which the liabilities that food consumption poses would be discussed. This information would be used to refute the stance of Pollan that corn poses increased and unforeseen future liabilities and expenditure. This article focuses on the high demand for corn in the use of our daily food products, such as fast-food burgers, and the meat and French fries that we consume. It gives details of the amount of corn that is used for feeding farm animals and cattle, and the importance of this practice on the meat taste and demand of the American population. The research it discusses was conducted by scientists at the University of Hawaii, and it also includes comments by doctors from the Johns Hopkins University. This article highlights the importance of the use of corn in the daily food items. It shows that corn is essential, and that meat produces by corn consumption does not have any adverse health effects on humans. Information from this article would be used in the first section, the introduction, and the last section, the sixth section of the research paper, where the widespread use of corn and its social importance are discussed. This article discusses the current rate of unemployment in the United States, and shows how it has been increasing with time by tracing the statistics in the forms of graphs and tables. The information in this article has been taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The information discussed in this article clearly shows the importance of keeping the rate if employment as steady as possible. It would be used in the first and the last
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